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Name	Size	Permission
audiodata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
certdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
cjkencodings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
configdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
crashers	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
data	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
decimaltestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
dtracedata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
encoded_modules	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
imghdrdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
leakers	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
libregrtest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
regrtestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
sndhdrdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
subprocessdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
support	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_asyncio	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_capi	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_concurrent_futures	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_cppext	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_ctypes	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_dataclasses	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_doctest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_email	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_future_stmt	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_gdb	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_import	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_importlib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_inspect	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_json	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_lib2to3	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_module	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_multiprocessing_fork	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_multiprocessing_forkserve...	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_multiprocessing_spawn	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_peg_generator	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_pydoc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_sqlite3	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_tkinter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_tomllib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_tools	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_ttk	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_unittest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_warnings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_zipfile	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_zoneinfo	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
tokenizedata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
tracedmodules	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
typinganndata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
wheeldata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
xmltestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
ziptestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
Sine-1000Hz-300ms.aif	60.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
__init__.py	47 B	-rw-r--r--
__main__.py	67 B	-rw-r--r--
_test_atexit.py	3.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_eintr.py	17.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_embed_set_config.py	8.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_embed_structseq.py	1.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_multiprocessing.py	206.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_venv_multiprocessing.py	796 B	-rw-r--r--
archiver_tests.py	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
audiotest.au	27.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
audiotests.py	12.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
audit-tests.py	13.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
autotest.py	214 B	-rw-r--r--
badsyntax_pep3120.py	14 B	-rw-r--r--
bisect_cmd.py	5.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clinic.test.c	138.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmath_testcases.txt	141.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
curses_tests.py	1.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
datetimetester.py	260.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
dis_module.py	76 B	-rw-r--r--
empty.vbs	70 B	-rw-r--r--
exception_hierarchy.txt	2.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
floating_points.txt	15.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
fork_wait.py	2.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
formatfloat_testcases.txt	7.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
ieee754.txt	3.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
levenshtein_examples.json	406.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
list_tests.py	16.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
lock_tests.py	35.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
mailcap.txt	1.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
mapping_tests.py	21.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
math_testcases.txt	23.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
memory_watchdog.py	711 B	-rw-r--r--
mime.types	47.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
mock_socket.py	3.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
mp_fork_bomb.py	448 B	-rw-r--r--
mp_preload.py	351 B	-rw-r--r--
multibytecodec_support.py	14.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
pickletester.py	143.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
profilee.py	2.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
pstats.pck	65.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
pyclbr_input.py	648 B	-rw-r--r--
pythoninfo.py	28.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
randv2_32.pck	7.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
randv2_64.pck	7.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
randv3.pck	7.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
re_tests.py	25.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
recursion.tar	516 B	-rw-r--r--
regrtest.py	1.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
relimport.py	27 B	-rw-r--r--
reperf.py	538 B	-rw-r--r--
seq_tests.py	14.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
signalinterproctester.py	3.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
ssl_servers.py	7.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
ssltests.py	1.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
string_tests.py	71.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
test___all__.py	5.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__locale.py	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__opcode.py	4.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__osx_support.py	13.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__xxinterpchannels.py	52.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__xxsubinterpreters.py	27.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_abc.py	23.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_abstract_numbers.py	5.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_aifc.py	17.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_argparse.py	189 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_array.py	55.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
test_asdl_parser.py	4.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ast.py	140.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_asyncgen.py	47.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_atexit.py	3.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_audioop.py	28.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_audit.py	8.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_augassign.py	7.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_base64.py	35.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_baseexception.py	7.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bdb.py	43.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bigaddrspace.py	2.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bigmem.py	45.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_binascii.py	19.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_binop.py	14.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bisect.py	16.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bool.py	14.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_buffer.py	171.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bufio.py	2.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_builtin.py	95.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bytes.py	80.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bz2.py	42.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_c_locale_coercion.py	20.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_calendar.py	51.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_call.py	35.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cgi.py	22.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cgitb.py	2.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_charmapcodec.py	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_class.py	19.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_clinic.py	83.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmath.py	23.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmd.py	6.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmd_line.py	39.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmd_line_script.py	34.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_code.py	25.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_code_module.py	5.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codeccallbacks.py	47.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_cn.py	3.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_hk.py	701 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_iso2022.py	3.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_jp.py	4.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_kr.py	2.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_tw.py	681 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_cn.py	746 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_hk.py	386 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_jp.py	1.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_kr.py	1.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_tw.py	705 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecs.py	136.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codeop.py	8.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_collections.py	93.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_colorsys.py	4.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compare.py	17.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compile.py	78.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compileall.py	48.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compiler_assemble.py	2.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compiler_codegen.py	1.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_complex.py	35.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_configparser.py	85.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_contains.py	3.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_context.py	30.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_contextlib.py	43.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_contextlib_async.py	23.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_copy.py	26.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_copyreg.py	4.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_coroutines.py	67.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cprofile.py	7.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_crashers.py	1.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_crypt.py	4.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_csv.py	61.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_curses.py	49.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_datetime.py	2.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm.py	6.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm_dumb.py	11.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm_gnu.py	7.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm_ndbm.py	5.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_decimal.py	216.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_decorators.py	14.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_defaultdict.py	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_deque.py	33.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_descr.py	196.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_descrtut.py	10.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_devpoll.py	4.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dict.py	50.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dict_version.py	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dictcomps.py	5.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dictviews.py	14.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_difflib.py	21.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_difflib_expect.html	100.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dis.py	83 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_docxmlrpc.py	9.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dtrace.py	7.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dynamic.py	6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dynamicclassattribute.py	9.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_eintr.py	627 B	-rw-r--r--
test_embed.py	69.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ensurepip.py	11.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_enum.py	186.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_enumerate.py	9.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_eof.py	3.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_epoll.py	9.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_errno.py	1.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_except_star.py	38.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exception_group.py	34.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exception_hierarchy.py	7.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exception_variations.py	13.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exceptions.py	76.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_extcall.py	14.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_faulthandler.py	30.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fcntl.py	7.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_file.py	11.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_file_eintr.py	10.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_filecmp.py	10.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fileinput.py	37.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fileio.py	19.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fileutils.py	951 B	-rw-r--r--
test_finalization.py	14.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_float.py	64.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_flufl.py	1.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fnmatch.py	10.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fork1.py	3.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_format.py	28.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fractions.py	52.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_frame.py	14.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_frozen.py	2.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fstring.py	64.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ftplib.py	41.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_funcattrs.py	15.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_functools.py	109.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_gc.py	47.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_generator_stop.py	943 B	-rw-r--r--
test_generators.py	66.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genericalias.py	17.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genericclass.py	9.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genericpath.py	22.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genexps.py	7.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_getopt.py	6.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_getpass.py	6.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_getpath.py	44.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_gettext.py	35.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_glob.py	17.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_global.py	1.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_grammar.py	65.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_graphlib.py	8.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_grp.py	3.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_gzip.py	40.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_hash.py	12.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_hashlib.py	46.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_heapq.py	16.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_hmac.py	26.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_html.py	4.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_htmlparser.py	33.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_http_cookiejar.py	81.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_http_cookies.py	18.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_httplib.py	96.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_httpservers.py	56.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_idle.py	831 B	-rw-r--r--
test_imaplib.py	41.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_imghdr.py	4.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_index.py	8.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_int.py	33.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_int_literal.py	6.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_interpreters.py	32.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_io.py	182.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ioctl.py	3.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ipaddress.py	119.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_isinstance.py	12.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_iter.py	36.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_iterlen.py	7.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_itertools.py	106.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_keyword.py	2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_keywordonlyarg.py	6.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_kqueue.py	9.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_largefile.py	10.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_launcher.py	27.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_linecache.py	11.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_list.py	8.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_listcomps.py	20.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_lltrace.py	3.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_locale.py	24.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_logging.py	241.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_long.py	63.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_longexp.py	233 B	-rw-r--r--
test_lzma.py	92.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mailbox.py	93.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mailcap.py	11.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_marshal.py	23.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_math.py	107.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_math_property.py	1.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_memoryio.py	32.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_memoryview.py	21.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_metaclass.py	6.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mimetypes.py	15.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_minidom.py	68.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mmap.py	38.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_modulefinder.py	12.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_monitoring.py	55.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_msilib.py	5.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_multibytecodec.py	15.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_multiprocessing_main_hand...	11.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_named_expressions.py	29.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_netrc.py	11.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_nis.py	1.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_nntplib.py	62.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ntpath.py	52.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_numeric_tower.py	8 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_opcache.py	10.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_opcodes.py	3.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_openpty.py	600 B	-rw-r--r--
test_operator.py	26.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_optparse.py	61.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ordered_dict.py	35.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_os.py	179.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ossaudiodev.py	7.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_osx_env.py	1.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pathlib.py	137.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_patma.py	86.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pdb.py	86.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_peepholer.py	40.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pep646_syntax.py	7.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_perf_profiler.py	11.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_perfmaps.py	685 B	-rw-r--r--
test_pickle.py	20.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_picklebuffer.py	4.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pickletools.py	4.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pipes.py	6.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pkg.py	9.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pkgutil.py	22.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_platform.py	21.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_plistlib.py	41.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_poll.py	7.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_popen.py	2.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_poplib.py	17.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_positional_only_arg.py	18.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_posix.py	95.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_posixpath.py	33.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pow.py	6.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pprint.py	50.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_print.py	7.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_profile.py	8.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_property.py	18.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pstats.py	4.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pty.py	16.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pulldom.py	12.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pwd.py	4.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_py_compile.py	11.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pyclbr.py	10.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pyexpat.py	29.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_queue.py	20.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_quopri.py	7.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_raise.py	13.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_random.py	56.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_range.py	26.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_re.py	131.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_readline.py	12.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_regrtest.py	90.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_repl.py	4.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_reprlib.py	27.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_resource.py	7.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_richcmp.py	11.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_rlcompleter.py	7.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_robotparser.py	11.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_runpy.py	33.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_sax.py	54.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_sched.py	7.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_scope.py	21.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_script_helper.py	5.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
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Code Editor : test_urlparse.py

import sys
import unicodedata
import unittest
import urllib.parse

RFC1808_BASE = "http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f"
RFC2396_BASE = "http://a/b/c/d;p?q"
RFC3986_BASE = 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q'
SIMPLE_BASE  = 'http://a/b/c/d'

# Each parse_qsl testcase is a two-tuple that contains
# a string with the query and a list with the expected result.

parse_qsl_test_cases = [
    ("", []),
    ("&", []),
    ("&&", []),
    ("=", [('', '')]),
    ("=a", [('', 'a')]),
    ("a", [('a', '')]),
    ("a=", [('a', '')]),
    ("a=b=c", [('a', 'b=c')]),
    ("a%3Db=c", [('a=b', 'c')]),
    ("a=b&c=d", [('a', 'b'), ('c', 'd')]),
    ("a=b%26c=d", [('a', 'b&c=d')]),
    ("&a=b", [('a', 'b')]),
    ("a=a+b&b=b+c", [('a', 'a b'), ('b', 'b c')]),
    ("a=1&a=2", [('a', '1'), ('a', '2')]),
    (b"", []),
    (b"&", []),
    (b"&&", []),
    (b"=", [(b'', b'')]),
    (b"=a", [(b'', b'a')]),
    (b"a", [(b'a', b'')]),
    (b"a=", [(b'a', b'')]),
    (b"a=b=c", [(b'a', b'b=c')]),
    (b"a%3Db=c", [(b'a=b', b'c')]),
    (b"a=b&c=d", [(b'a', b'b'), (b'c', b'd')]),
    (b"a=b%26c=d", [(b'a', b'b&c=d')]),
    (b"&a=b", [(b'a', b'b')]),
    (b"a=a+b&b=b+c", [(b'a', b'a b'), (b'b', b'b c')]),
    (b"a=1&a=2", [(b'a', b'1'), (b'a', b'2')]),
    (";a=b", [(';a', 'b')]),
    ("a=a+b;b=b+c", [('a', 'a b;b=b c')]),
    (b";a=b", [(b';a', b'b')]),
    (b"a=a+b;b=b+c", [(b'a', b'a b;b=b c')]),

("\u0141=\xE9", [('\u0141', '\xE9')]),
    ("%C5%81=%C3%A9", [('\u0141', '\xE9')]),
    ("%81=%A9", [('\ufffd', '\ufffd')]),
    (b"\xc5\x81=\xc3\xa9", [(b'\xc5\x81', b'\xc3\xa9')]),
    (b"%C5%81=%C3%A9", [(b'\xc5\x81', b'\xc3\xa9')]),
    (b"\x81=\xA9", [(b'\x81', b'\xa9')]),
    (b"%81=%A9", [(b'\x81', b'\xa9')]),
]

# Each parse_qs testcase is a two-tuple that contains
# a string with the query and a dictionary with the expected result.

parse_qs_test_cases = [
    ("", {}),
    ("&", {}),
    ("&&", {}),
    ("=", {'': ['']}),
    ("=a", {'': ['a']}),
    ("a", {'a': ['']}),
    ("a=", {'a': ['']}),
    ("a=b=c", {'a': ['b=c']}),
    ("a%3Db=c", {'a=b': ['c']}),
    ("a=b&c=d", {'a': ['b'], 'c': ['d']}),
    ("a=b%26c=d", {'a': ['b&c=d']}),
    ("&a=b", {'a': ['b']}),
    ("a=a+b&b=b+c", {'a': ['a b'], 'b': ['b c']}),
    ("a=1&a=2", {'a': ['1', '2']}),
    (b"", {}),
    (b"&", {}),
    (b"&&", {}),
    (b"=", {b'': [b'']}),
    (b"=a", {b'': [b'a']}),
    (b"a", {b'a': [b'']}),
    (b"a=", {b'a': [b'']}),
    (b"a=b=c", {b'a': [b'b=c']}),
    (b"a%3Db=c", {b'a=b': [b'c']}),
    (b"a=b&c=d", {b'a': [b'b'], b'c': [b'd']}),
    (b"a=b%26c=d", {b'a': [b'b&c=d']}),
    (b"&a=b", {b'a': [b'b']}),
    (b"a=a+b&b=b+c", {b'a': [b'a b'], b'b': [b'b c']}),
    (b"a=1&a=2", {b'a': [b'1', b'2']}),
    (";a=b", {';a': ['b']}),
    ("a=a+b;b=b+c", {'a': ['a b;b=b c']}),
    (b";a=b", {b';a': [b'b']}),
    (b"a=a+b;b=b+c", {b'a':[ b'a b;b=b c']}),
    (b"a=a%E2%80%99b", {b'a': [b'a\xe2\x80\x99b']}),

("\u0141=\xE9", {'\u0141': ['\xE9']}),
    ("%C5%81=%C3%A9", {'\u0141': ['\xE9']}),
    ("%81=%A9", {'\ufffd': ['\ufffd']}),
    (b"\xc5\x81=\xc3\xa9", {b'\xc5\x81': [b'\xc3\xa9']}),
    (b"%C5%81=%C3%A9", {b'\xc5\x81': [b'\xc3\xa9']}),
    (b"\x81=\xA9", {b'\x81': [b'\xa9']}),
    (b"%81=%A9", {b'\x81': [b'\xa9']}),
]

class UrlParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

def checkRoundtrips(self, url, parsed, split):
        result = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result, parsed)
        t = (result.scheme, result.netloc, result.path,
             result.params, result.query, result.fragment)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(t, parsed)
        # put it back together and it should be the same
        result2 = urllib.parse.urlunparse(result)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result2, url)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result2, result.geturl())

# the result of geturl() is a fixpoint; we can always parse it
        # again to get the same result:
        result3 = urllib.parse.urlparse(result.geturl())
        self.assertEqual(result3.geturl(), result.geturl())
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result3, result)
        self.assertEqual(result3.scheme,   result.scheme)
        self.assertEqual(result3.netloc,   result.netloc)
        self.assertEqual(result3.path,     result.path)
        self.assertEqual(result3.params,   result.params)
        self.assertEqual(result3.query,    result.query)
        self.assertEqual(result3.fragment, result.fragment)
        self.assertEqual(result3.username, result.username)
        self.assertEqual(result3.password, result.password)
        self.assertEqual(result3.hostname, result.hostname)
        self.assertEqual(result3.port,     result.port)

# check the roundtrip using urlsplit() as well
        result = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result, split)
        t = (result.scheme, result.netloc, result.path,
             result.query, result.fragment)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(t, split)
        result2 = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(result)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result2, url)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result2, result.geturl())

# check the fixpoint property of re-parsing the result of geturl()
        result3 = urllib.parse.urlsplit(result.geturl())
        self.assertEqual(result3.geturl(), result.geturl())
        self.assertSequenceEqual(result3, result)
        self.assertEqual(result3.scheme,   result.scheme)
        self.assertEqual(result3.netloc,   result.netloc)
        self.assertEqual(result3.path,     result.path)
        self.assertEqual(result3.query,    result.query)
        self.assertEqual(result3.fragment, result.fragment)
        self.assertEqual(result3.username, result.username)
        self.assertEqual(result3.password, result.password)
        self.assertEqual(result3.hostname, result.hostname)
        self.assertEqual(result3.port,     result.port)

def test_qsl(self):
        for orig, expect in parse_qsl_test_cases:
            result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl(orig, keep_blank_values=True)
            self.assertEqual(result, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)
            expect_without_blanks = [v for v in expect if len(v[1])]
            result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl(orig, keep_blank_values=False)
            self.assertEqual(result, expect_without_blanks,
                            "Error parsing %r" % orig)

def test_qs(self):
        for orig, expect in parse_qs_test_cases:
            result = urllib.parse.parse_qs(orig, keep_blank_values=True)
            self.assertEqual(result, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)
            expect_without_blanks = {v: expect[v]
                                     for v in expect if len(expect[v][0])}
            result = urllib.parse.parse_qs(orig, keep_blank_values=False)
            self.assertEqual(result, expect_without_blanks,
                            "Error parsing %r" % orig)

def test_roundtrips(self):
        str_cases = [
            ('file:///tmp/junk.txt',
             ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
             ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
            ('imap://mail.python.org/mbox1',
             ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '', ''),
             ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '')),
            ('mms://wms.sys.hinet.net/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
             ('mms', 'wms.sys.hinet.net', '/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
              '', '', ''),
             ('mms', 'wms.sys.hinet.net', '/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
              '', '')),
            ('nfs://server/path/to/file.txt',
             ('nfs', 'server', '/path/to/file.txt', '', '', ''),
             ('nfs', 'server', '/path/to/file.txt', '', '')),
            ('svn+ssh://svn.zope.org/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
             ('svn+ssh', 'svn.zope.org', '/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
              '', '', ''),
             ('svn+ssh', 'svn.zope.org', '/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
              '', '')),
            ('git+ssh://git@github.com/user/project.git',
             ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
              '','',''),
             ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
              '', '')),
            ('itms-services://?action=download-manifest&url=https://example.com/app',
             ('itms-services', '', '', '',
              'action=download-manifest&url=https://example.com/app', ''),
             ('itms-services', '', '',
              'action=download-manifest&url=https://example.com/app', '')),
            ]
        def _encode(t):
            return (t[0].encode('ascii'),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[1]),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[2]))
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        for url, parsed, split in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)

def test_http_roundtrips(self):
        # urllib.parse.urlsplit treats 'http:' as an optimized special case,
        # so we test both 'http:' and 'https:' in all the following.
        # Three cheers for white box knowledge!
        str_cases = [
            ('://www.python.org',
             ('www.python.org', '', '', '', ''),
             ('www.python.org', '', '', '')),
            ('://www.python.org#abc',
             ('www.python.org', '', '', '', 'abc'),
             ('www.python.org', '', '', 'abc')),
            ('://www.python.org?q=abc',
             ('www.python.org', '', '', 'q=abc', ''),
             ('www.python.org', '', 'q=abc', '')),
            ('://www.python.org/#abc',
             ('www.python.org', '/', '', '', 'abc'),
             ('www.python.org', '/', '', 'abc')),
            ('://a/b/c/d;p?q#f',
             ('a', '/b/c/d', 'p', 'q', 'f'),
             ('a', '/b/c/d;p', 'q', 'f')),
            ]
        def _encode(t):
            return (t[0].encode('ascii'),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[1]),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[2]))
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        str_schemes = ('http', 'https')
        bytes_schemes = (b'http', b'https')
        str_tests = str_schemes, str_cases
        bytes_tests = bytes_schemes, bytes_cases
        for schemes, test_cases in (str_tests, bytes_tests):
            for scheme in schemes:
                for url, parsed, split in test_cases:
                    url = scheme + url
                    parsed = (scheme,) + parsed
                    split = (scheme,) + split
                    self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)

def checkJoin(self, base, relurl, expected):
        str_components = (base, relurl, expected)
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(base, relurl), expected)
        bytes_components = baseb, relurlb, expectedb = [
                            x.encode('ascii') for x in str_components]
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(baseb, relurlb), expectedb)

def test_unparse_parse(self):
        str_cases = ['Python', './Python','x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff','x://y','x:/y','x:/','/',]
        bytes_cases = [x.encode('ascii') for x in str_cases]
        for u in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlunsplit(urllib.parse.urlsplit(u)), u)
            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlunparse(urllib.parse.urlparse(u)), u)

def test_RFC1808(self):
        # "normal" cases from RFC 1808:
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g:h', 'g:h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/g', 'http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//g', 'http://g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y', 'http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '#s', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g#s', 'http://a/b/c/g#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g#s/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g;x', 'http://a/b/c/g;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g;x?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '.', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '..', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../..', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../g', 'http://a/g')

# "abnormal" cases from RFC 1808:
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g.', 'http://a/b/c/g.')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '.g', 'http://a/b/c/.g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g..', 'http://a/b/c/g..')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '..g', 'http://a/b/c/..g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './g/.', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/./h', 'http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/../h', 'http://a/b/c/h')

# RFC 1808 and RFC 1630 disagree on these (according to RFC 1808),
        # so we'll not actually run these tests (which expect 1808 behavior).
        #self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:g', 'http:g')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:', 'http:')

# XXX: The following tests are no longer compatible with RFC3986
        # self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/../g')
        # self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../../../g', 'http://a/../../g')
        # self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/./g', 'http://a/./g')
        # self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/../g', 'http://a/../g')

def test_RFC2368(self):
        # Issue 11467: path that starts with a number is not parsed correctly
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse('mailto:1337@example.org'),
                ('mailto', '', '1337@example.org', '', '', ''))

def test_RFC2396(self):
        # cases from RFC 2396

self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g:h', 'g:h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/g', 'http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '//g', 'http://g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y', 'http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '#s', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s', 'http://a/b/c/g#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x', 'http://a/b/c/g;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '.', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '..', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../..', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../g', 'http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '', RFC2396_BASE)
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g.', 'http://a/b/c/g.')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '.g', 'http://a/b/c/.g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g..', 'http://a/b/c/g..')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '..g', 'http://a/b/c/..g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './g/.', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/./h', 'http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/../h', 'http://a/b/c/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x=1/./y', 'http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x=1/../y', 'http://a/b/c/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y/../x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/../x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s/../x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/../x')

# XXX: The following tests are no longer compatible with RFC3986
        # self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/../g')
        # self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../../../g', 'http://a/../../g')
        # self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/./g', 'http://a/./g')
        # self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/../g', 'http://a/../g')

def test_RFC3986(self):
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, ';x', 'http://a/b/c/;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '//g','http://g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '#s','http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s','http://a/b/c/g#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y#s','http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, ';x','http://a/b/c/;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x','http://a/b/c/g;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x?y#s','http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '','http://a/b/c/d;p?q')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '.','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '..','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../..','http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../','http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/g')

# Abnormal Examples

# The 'abnormal scenarios' are incompatible with RFC2986 parsing
        # Tests are here for reference.

self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../../g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/./g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/../g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g.','http://a/b/c/g.')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '.g','http://a/b/c/.g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g..','http://a/b/c/g..')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '..g','http://a/b/c/..g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './g/.','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x=1/./y','http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x=1/../y','http://a/b/c/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y/../x','http://a/b/c/g?y/../x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s/./x','http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s/../x','http://a/b/c/g#s/../x')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'http:g','http:g') # strict parser
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g') #relaxed parser

# Test for issue9721
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/de', ';x','http://a/b/c/;x')

def test_urljoins(self):
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '/g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '//g','http://g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '.','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '..','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../..','http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../../g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g/.','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin('http:///', '..','http:///')
        self.checkJoin('', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin('', 'http://a/./g', 'http://a/./g')
        self.checkJoin('svn://pathtorepo/dir1', 'dir2', 'svn://pathtorepo/dir2')
        self.checkJoin('svn+ssh://pathtorepo/dir1', 'dir2', 'svn+ssh://pathtorepo/dir2')
        self.checkJoin('ws://a/b','g','ws://a/g')
        self.checkJoin('wss://a/b','g','wss://a/g')

# XXX: The following tests are no longer compatible with RFC3986
        # self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../../../g','http://a/../g')
        # self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '/./g','http://a/./g')

# test for issue22118 duplicate slashes
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE + '/', 'foo', SIMPLE_BASE + '/foo')

# Non-RFC-defined tests, covering variations of base and trailing
        # slashes
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/d/e/', '../../f/g/', 'http://a/b/c/f/g/')
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/d/e', '../../f/g/', 'http://a/b/f/g/')
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/d/e/', '/../../f/g/', 'http://a/f/g/')
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/d/e', '/../../f/g/', 'http://a/f/g/')
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/d/e/', '../../f/g', 'http://a/b/c/f/g')
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/', '../../f/g/', 'http://a/f/g/')

# issue 23703: don't duplicate filename
        self.checkJoin('a', 'b', 'b')

def test_RFC2732(self):
        str_cases = [
            ('http://Test.python.org:5432/foo/', 'test.python.org', 5432),
            ('http://12.34.56.78:5432/foo/', '12.34.56.78', 5432),
            ('http://[::1]:5432/foo/', '::1', 5432),
            ('http://[dead:beef::1]:5432/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', 5432),
            ('http://[dead:beef::]:5432/foo/', 'dead:beef::', 5432),
            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]:5432/foo/',
             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', 5432),
            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]:5432/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', 5432),
            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]:5432/foo/',
             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', 5432),
            ('http://Test.python.org/foo/', 'test.python.org', None),
            ('http://12.34.56.78/foo/', '12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::1]/foo/', '::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::1]/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::]/foo/', 'dead:beef::', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]/foo/',
             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', None),
            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]/foo/',
             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://Test.python.org:/foo/', 'test.python.org', None),
            ('http://12.34.56.78:/foo/', '12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::1]:/foo/', '::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::1]:/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::]:/foo/', 'dead:beef::', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]:/foo/',
             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', None),
            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]:/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]:/foo/',
             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', None),
            ]
        def _encode(t):
            return t[0].encode('ascii'), t[1].encode('ascii'), t[2]
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        for url, hostname, port in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            urlparsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
            self.assertEqual((urlparsed.hostname, urlparsed.port) , (hostname, port))

str_cases = [
                'http://::12.34.56.78]/',
                'http://[::1/foo/',
                'ftp://[::1/foo/bad]/bad',
                'http://[::1/foo/bad]/bad',
                'http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78']
        bytes_cases = [x.encode('ascii') for x in str_cases]
        for invalid_url in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlparse, invalid_url)

def test_urldefrag(self):
        str_cases = [
            ('http://python.org#frag', 'http://python.org', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org', 'http://python.org', ''),
            ('http://python.org/#frag', 'http://python.org/', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org/', 'http://python.org/', ''),
            ('http://python.org/?q#frag', 'http://python.org/?q', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org/?q', 'http://python.org/?q', ''),
            ('http://python.org/p#frag', 'http://python.org/p', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org/p?q', 'http://python.org/p?q', ''),
            (RFC1808_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', 'f'),
            (RFC2396_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', ''),
        ]
        def _encode(t):
            return type(t)(x.encode('ascii') for x in t)
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        for url, defrag, frag in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            result = urllib.parse.urldefrag(url)
            self.assertEqual(result.geturl(), url)
            self.assertEqual(result, (defrag, frag))
            self.assertEqual(result.url, defrag)
            self.assertEqual(result.fragment, frag)

def test_urlsplit_scoped_IPv6(self):
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit('http://[FE80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt]:1234')
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "fe80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, '[FE80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt]:1234')

p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(b'http://[FE80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt]:1234')
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"fe80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b'[FE80::822a:a8ff:fe49:470c%tESt]:1234')

def test_urlsplit_attributes(self):
        url = "HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG/doc/#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "WWW.PYTHON.ORG")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        # geturl() won't return exactly the original URL in this case
        # since the scheme is always case-normalized
        # We handle this by ignoring the first 4 characters of the URL
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl()[4:], url[4:])

url = "http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

# Addressing issue1698, which suggests Username can contain
        # "@" characters.  Though not RFC compliant, many ftp sites allow
        # and request email addresses as usernames.

url = "http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User@example.com")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

# And check them all again, only with bytes this time
        url = b"HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG/doc/#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"WWW.PYTHON.ORG")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl()[4:], url[4:])

url = b"http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

url = b"http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User@example.com")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

# Verify an illegal port raises ValueError
        url = b"HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG:65536/doc/#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "out of range"):
            p.port

def test_urlsplit_remove_unsafe_bytes(self):
        # Remove ASCII tabs and newlines from input
        url = "http\t://www.python\n.org\t/java\nscript:\talert('msg\r\n')/?query\n=\tsomething#frag\nment"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/javascript:alert('msg')/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=something")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "fragment")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), "http://www.python.org/javascript:alert('msg')/?query=something#fragment")

# Remove ASCII tabs and newlines from input as bytes.
        url = b"http\t://www.python\n.org\t/java\nscript:\talert('msg\r\n')/?query\n=\tsomething#frag\nment"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/javascript:alert('msg')/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=something")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"fragment")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), b"http://www.python.org/javascript:alert('msg')/?query=something#fragment")

# with scheme as cache-key
        url = "http://www.python.org/java\nscript:\talert('msg\r\n')/?query\n=\tsomething#frag\nment"
        scheme = "ht\ntp"
        for _ in range(2):
            p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url, scheme=scheme)
            self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
            self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), "http://www.python.org/javascript:alert('msg')/?query=something#fragment")

def test_urlsplit_strip_url(self):
        noise = bytes(range(0, 0x20 + 1))
        base_url = "http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"

url = noise.decode("utf-8") + base_url
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), base_url)

url = noise + base_url.encode("utf-8")
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), base_url.encode("utf-8"))

# Test that trailing space is preserved as some applications rely on
        # this within query strings.
        query_spaces_url = "https://www.python.org:88/doc/?query=    "
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(noise.decode("utf-8") + query_spaces_url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "https")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "www.python.org:88")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=    ")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 88)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), query_spaces_url)

p = urllib.parse.urlsplit("www.pypi.org ")
        # That "hostname" gets considered a "path" due to the
        # trailing space and our existing logic...  YUCK...
        # and re-assembles via geturl aka unurlsplit into the original.
        # django.core.validators.URLValidator (at least through v3.2) relies on
        # this, for better or worse, to catch it in a ValidationError via its
        # regular expressions.
        # Here we test the basic round trip concept of such a trailing space.
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlunsplit(p), "www.pypi.org ")

# with scheme as cache-key
        url = "//www.python.org/"
        scheme = noise.decode("utf-8") + "https" + noise.decode("utf-8")
        for _ in range(2):
            p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url, scheme=scheme)
            self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "https")
            self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), "https://www.python.org/")

def test_attributes_bad_port(self):
        """Check handling of invalid ports."""
        for bytes in (False, True):
            for parse in (urllib.parse.urlsplit, urllib.parse.urlparse):
                for port in ("foo", "1.5", "-1", "0x10", "-0", "1_1", " 1", "1 ", "६"):
                    with self.subTest(bytes=bytes, parse=parse, port=port):
                        netloc = "www.example.net:" + port
                        url = "http://" + netloc + "/"
                        if bytes:
                            if netloc.isascii() and port.isascii():
                                netloc = netloc.encode("ascii")
                                url = url.encode("ascii")
                            else:
                                continue
                        p = parse(url)
                        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, netloc)
                        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                            p.port

def test_attributes_bad_scheme(self):
        """Check handling of invalid schemes."""
        for bytes in (False, True):
            for parse in (urllib.parse.urlsplit, urllib.parse.urlparse):
                for scheme in (".", "+", "-", "0", "http&", "६http"):
                    with self.subTest(bytes=bytes, parse=parse, scheme=scheme):
                        url = scheme + "://www.example.net"
                        if bytes:
                            if url.isascii():
                                url = url.encode("ascii")
                            else:
                                continue
                        p = parse(url)
                        if bytes:
                            self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"")
                        else:
                            self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "")

def test_attributes_without_netloc(self):
        # This example is straight from RFC 3261.  It looks like it
        # should allow the username, hostname, and port to be filled
        # in, but doesn't.  Since it's a URI and doesn't use the
        # scheme://netloc syntax, the netloc and related attributes
        # should be left empty.
        uri = "sip:alice@atlanta.com;maddr=239.255.255.1;ttl=15"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

p = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

# You guessed it, repeating the test with bytes input
        uri = b"sip:alice@atlanta.com;maddr=239.255.255.1;ttl=15"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

p = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

def test_noslash(self):
        # Issue 1637: http://foo.com?query is legal
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http://example.com?blahblah=/foo"),
                         ('http', 'example.com', '', '', 'blahblah=/foo', ''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://example.com?blahblah=/foo"),
                         (b'http', b'example.com', b'', b'', b'blahblah=/foo', b''))

def test_withoutscheme(self):
        # Test urlparse without scheme
        # Issue 754016: urlparse goes wrong with IP:port without scheme
        # RFC 1808 specifies that netloc should start with //, urlparse expects
        # the same, otherwise it classifies the portion of url as path.
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("path"),
                ('','','path','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("//www.python.org:80"),
                ('','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
                ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
        # Repeat for bytes input
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"path"),
                (b'',b'',b'path',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"//www.python.org:80"),
                (b'',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://www.python.org:80"),
                (b'http',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))

def test_portseparator(self):
        # Issue 754016 makes changes for port separator ':' from scheme separator
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http:80"), ('http','','80','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("https:80"), ('https','','80','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("path:80"), ('path','','80','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http:"),('http','','','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("https:"),('https','','','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
                ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
        # As usual, need to check bytes input as well
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http:80"), (b'http',b'',b'80',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"https:80"), (b'https',b'',b'80',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"path:80"), (b'path',b'',b'80',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http:"),(b'http',b'',b'',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"https:"),(b'https',b'',b'',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://www.python.org:80"),
                (b'http',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))

def test_usingsys(self):
        # Issue 3314: sys module is used in the error
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.urlencode, "foo")

def test_anyscheme(self):
        # Issue 7904: s3://foo.com/stuff has netloc "foo.com".
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("s3://foo.com/stuff"),
                         ('s3', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', '', ''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff"),
                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', '', ''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query#fragment"),
                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', 'query', 'fragment'))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query"),
                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', 'query', ''))

# And for bytes...
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"s3://foo.com/stuff"),
                         (b's3', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'', b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff"),
                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'', b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query#fragment"),
                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'query', b'fragment'))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query"),
                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'query', b''))

def test_default_scheme(self):
        # Exercise the scheme parameter of urlparse() and urlsplit()
        for func in (urllib.parse.urlparse, urllib.parse.urlsplit):
            with self.subTest(function=func):
                result = func("http://example.net/", "ftp")
                self.assertEqual(result.scheme, "http")
                result = func(b"http://example.net/", b"ftp")
                self.assertEqual(result.scheme, b"http")
                self.assertEqual(func("path", "ftp").scheme, "ftp")
                self.assertEqual(func("path", scheme="ftp").scheme, "ftp")
                self.assertEqual(func(b"path", scheme=b"ftp").scheme, b"ftp")
                self.assertEqual(func("path").scheme, "")
                self.assertEqual(func(b"path").scheme, b"")
                self.assertEqual(func(b"path", "").scheme, b"")

def test_parse_fragments(self):
        # Exercise the allow_fragments parameter of urlparse() and urlsplit()
        tests = (
            ("http:#frag", "path", "frag"),
            ("//example.net#frag", "path", "frag"),
            ("index.html#frag", "path", "frag"),
            (";a=b#frag", "params", "frag"),
            ("?a=b#frag", "query", "frag"),
            ("#frag", "path", "frag"),
            ("abc#@frag", "path", "@frag"),
            ("//abc#@frag", "path", "@frag"),
            ("//abc:80#@frag", "path", "@frag"),
            ("//abc#@frag:80", "path", "@frag:80"),
        )
        for url, attr, expected_frag in tests:
            for func in (urllib.parse.urlparse, urllib.parse.urlsplit):
                if attr == "params" and func is urllib.parse.urlsplit:
                    attr = "path"
                with self.subTest(url=url, function=func):
                    result = func(url, allow_fragments=False)
                    self.assertEqual(result.fragment, "")
                    self.assertTrue(
                            getattr(result, attr).endswith("#" + expected_frag))
                    self.assertEqual(func(url, "", False).fragment, "")

result = func(url, allow_fragments=True)
                    self.assertEqual(result.fragment, expected_frag)
                    self.assertFalse(
                            getattr(result, attr).endswith(expected_frag))
                    self.assertEqual(func(url, "", True).fragment,
                                     expected_frag)
                    self.assertEqual(func(url).fragment, expected_frag)

def test_mixed_types_rejected(self):
        # Several functions that process either strings or ASCII encoded bytes
        # accept multiple arguments. Check they reject mixed type input
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlparse("www.python.org", b"http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlparse(b"www.python.org", "http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlsplit("www.python.org", b"http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlsplit(b"www.python.org", "http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunparse(( b"http", "www.python.org","","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunparse(("http", b"www.python.org","","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunsplit((b"http", "www.python.org","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunsplit(("http", b"www.python.org","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urljoin("http://python.org", b"http://python.org")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urljoin(b"http://python.org", "http://python.org")

def _check_result_type(self, str_type):
        num_args = len(str_type._fields)
        bytes_type = str_type._encoded_counterpart
        self.assertIs(bytes_type._decoded_counterpart, str_type)
        str_args = ('',) * num_args
        bytes_args = (b'',) * num_args
        str_result = str_type(*str_args)
        bytes_result = bytes_type(*bytes_args)
        encoding = 'ascii'
        errors = 'strict'
        self.assertEqual(str_result, str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(), str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(), str_result)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding), str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding), str_result)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding, errors), str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding, errors), str_result)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result, bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(), bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(), bytes_result)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding), bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding), bytes_result)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding, errors), bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding, errors), bytes_result)

def test_result_pairs(self):
        # Check encoding and decoding between result pairs
        result_types = [
          urllib.parse.DefragResult,
          urllib.parse.SplitResult,
          urllib.parse.ParseResult,
        ]
        for result_type in result_types:
            self._check_result_type(result_type)

def test_parse_qs_encoding(self):
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\xE9']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="utf-8")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\xE9']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\ufffd\ufffd']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\ufffd-']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii",
                                                          errors="ignore")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141-']})

def test_parse_qsl_encoding(self):
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="utf-8")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\ufffd\ufffd')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\ufffd-')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii",
                                                          errors="ignore")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141-')])

def test_parse_qsl_max_num_fields(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            urllib.parse.parse_qsl('&'.join(['a=a']*11), max_num_fields=10)
        urllib.parse.parse_qsl('&'.join(['a=a']*10), max_num_fields=10)

def test_parse_qs_separator(self):
        parse_qs_semicolon_cases = [
            (";", {}),
            (";;", {}),
            (";a=b", {'a': ['b']}),
            ("a=a+b;b=b+c", {'a': ['a b'], 'b': ['b c']}),
            ("a=1;a=2", {'a': ['1', '2']}),
            (b";", {}),
            (b";;", {}),
            (b";a=b", {b'a': [b'b']}),
            (b"a=a+b;b=b+c", {b'a': [b'a b'], b'b': [b'b c']}),
            (b"a=1;a=2", {b'a': [b'1', b'2']}),
        ]
        for orig, expect in parse_qs_semicolon_cases:
            with self.subTest(f"Original: {orig!r}, Expected: {expect!r}"):
                result = urllib.parse.parse_qs(orig, separator=';')
                self.assertEqual(result, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)
                result_bytes = urllib.parse.parse_qs(orig, separator=b';')
                self.assertEqual(result_bytes, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)

def test_parse_qsl_separator(self):
        parse_qsl_semicolon_cases = [
            (";", []),
            (";;", []),
            (";a=b", [('a', 'b')]),
            ("a=a+b;b=b+c", [('a', 'a b'), ('b', 'b c')]),
            ("a=1;a=2", [('a', '1'), ('a', '2')]),
            (b";", []),
            (b";;", []),
            (b";a=b", [(b'a', b'b')]),
            (b"a=a+b;b=b+c", [(b'a', b'a b'), (b'b', b'b c')]),
            (b"a=1;a=2", [(b'a', b'1'), (b'a', b'2')]),
        ]
        for orig, expect in parse_qsl_semicolon_cases:
            with self.subTest(f"Original: {orig!r}, Expected: {expect!r}"):
                result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl(orig, separator=';')
                self.assertEqual(result, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)
                result_bytes = urllib.parse.parse_qsl(orig, separator=b';')
                self.assertEqual(result_bytes, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)

def test_parse_qsl_bytes(self):
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(b'a=b'), [(b'a', b'b')])
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(bytearray(b'a=b')), [(b'a', b'b')])
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(memoryview(b'a=b')), [(b'a', b'b')])

def test_parse_qsl_false_value(self):
        kwargs = dict(keep_blank_values=True, strict_parsing=True)
        for x in '', b'', None, 0, 0.0, [], {}, memoryview(b''):
            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(x, **kwargs), [])
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.parse_qsl, x, separator=1)

def test_parse_qsl_errors(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.parse_qsl, list(b'a=b'))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.parse_qsl, iter(b'a=b'))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.parse_qsl, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.parse_qsl, object())

for separator in '', b'', None, 0, 1, 0.0, 1.5:
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                urllib.parse.parse_qsl('a=b', separator=separator)
        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError):
            urllib.parse.parse_qsl(b'a=b', separator='\xa6')
        with self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError):
            urllib.parse.parse_qsl('a=b', separator=b'\xa6')

def test_urlencode_sequences(self):
        # Other tests incidentally urlencode things; test non-covered cases:
        # Sequence and object values.
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': [1, 2], 'b': (3, 4, 5)}, True)
        # we cannot rely on ordering here
        assert set(result.split('&')) == {'a=1', 'a=2', 'b=3', 'b=4', 'b=5'}

class Trivial:
            def __str__(self):
                return 'trivial'

result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': Trivial()}, True)
        self.assertEqual(result, 'a=trivial')

def test_urlencode_quote_via(self):
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': 'some value'})
        self.assertEqual(result, "a=some+value")
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': 'some value/another'},
                                        quote_via=urllib.parse.quote)
        self.assertEqual(result, "a=some%20value%2Fanother")
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': 'some value/another'},
                                        safe='/', quote_via=urllib.parse.quote)
        self.assertEqual(result, "a=some%20value/another")

def test_quote_from_bytes(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes, 'foo')
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(b'archaeological arcana')
        self.assertEqual(result, 'archaeological%20arcana')
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(b'')
        self.assertEqual(result, '')
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(b'A'*10_000)
        self.assertEqual(result, 'A'*10_000)
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(b'z\x01/ '*253_183)
        self.assertEqual(result, 'z%01/%20'*253_183)

def test_unquote_to_bytes(self):
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def')
        self.assertEqual(result, b'abc def')
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes('')
        self.assertEqual(result, b'')

def test_quote_errors(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote, b'foo',
                          encoding='utf-8')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote, b'foo', errors='strict')

def test_issue14072(self):
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('tel:+31-641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+31-641044153')
        p2 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('tel:+31641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p2.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '+31641044153')
        # assert the behavior for urlparse
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:+31-641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+31-641044153')
        p2 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:+31641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p2.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '+31641044153')

def test_invalid_bracketed_hosts(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[192.0.2.146]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[important.com:8000]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[v123r.IP]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[v12ae]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[v.IP]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[v123.]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[v]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[0439:23af::2309::fae7:1234]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@[0439:23af:2309::fae7:1234:2342:438e:192.0.2.146]/Path?Query')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlsplit, 'Scheme://user@]v6a.ip[/Path')

def test_splitting_bracketed_hosts(self):
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('scheme://user@[v6a.ip]/path?query')
        self.assertEqual(p1.hostname, 'v6a.ip')
        self.assertEqual(p1.username, 'user')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '/path')
        p2 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('scheme://user@[0439:23af:2309::fae7%test]/path?query')
        self.assertEqual(p2.hostname, '0439:23af:2309::fae7%test')
        self.assertEqual(p2.username, 'user')
        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '/path')
        p3 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('scheme://user@[0439:23af:2309::fae7:1234:192.0.2.146%test]/path?query')
        self.assertEqual(p3.hostname, '0439:23af:2309::fae7:1234:192.0.2.146%test')
        self.assertEqual(p3.username, 'user')
        self.assertEqual(p3.path, '/path')

def test_port_casting_failure_message(self):
        message = "Port could not be cast to integer value as 'oracle'"
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('http://Server=sde; Service=sde:oracle')
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, message):
            p1.port

p2 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('http://Server=sde; Service=sde:oracle')
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, message):
            p2.port

def test_telurl_params(self):
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:123-4;phone-context=+1-650-516')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '123-4')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-650-516')

p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:+1-201-555-0123')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+1-201-555-0123')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, '')

p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:7042;phone-context=example.com')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '7042')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=example.com')

p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:863-1234;phone-context=+1-914-555')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '863-1234')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-914-555')

def test_Quoter_repr(self):
        quoter = urllib.parse._Quoter(urllib.parse._ALWAYS_SAFE)
        self.assertIn('Quoter', repr(quoter))

def test_clear_cache_for_code_coverage(self):
        urllib.parse.clear_cache()

def test_urllib_parse_getattr_failure(self):
        """Test that urllib.parse.__getattr__() fails correctly."""
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            unused = urllib.parse.this_does_not_exist

def test_all(self):
        expected = []
        undocumented = {
            'splitattr', 'splithost', 'splitnport', 'splitpasswd',
            'splitport', 'splitquery', 'splittag', 'splittype', 'splituser',
            'splitvalue',
            'ResultBase', 'clear_cache', 'to_bytes', 'unwrap',
        }
        for name in dir(urllib.parse):
            if name.startswith('_') or name in undocumented:
                continue
            object = getattr(urllib.parse, name)
            if getattr(object, '__module__', None) == 'urllib.parse':
                expected.append(name)
        self.assertCountEqual(urllib.parse.__all__, expected)

def test_urlsplit_normalization(self):
        # Certain characters should never occur in the netloc,
        # including under normalization.
        # Ensure that ALL of them are detected and cause an error
        illegal_chars = '/:#?@'
        hex_chars = {'{:04X}'.format(ord(c)) for c in illegal_chars}
        denorm_chars = [
            c for c in map(chr, range(128, sys.maxunicode))
            if unicodedata.decomposition(c)
            and (hex_chars & set(unicodedata.decomposition(c).split()))
            and c not in illegal_chars
        ]
        # Sanity check that we found at least one such character
        self.assertIn('\u2100', denorm_chars)
        self.assertIn('\uFF03', denorm_chars)

# bpo-36742: Verify port separators are ignored when they
        # existed prior to decomposition
        urllib.parse.urlsplit('http://\u30d5\u309a:80')
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            urllib.parse.urlsplit('http://\u30d5\u309a\ufe1380')

for scheme in ["http", "https", "ftp"]:
            for netloc in ["netloc{}false.netloc", "n{}user@netloc"]:
                for c in denorm_chars:
                    url = "{}://{}/path".format(scheme, netloc.format(c))
                    with self.subTest(url=url, char='{:04X}'.format(ord(c))):
                        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                            urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)

class Utility_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Testcase to test the various utility functions in the urllib."""
    # In Python 2 this test class was in test_urllib.

def test_splittype(self):
        splittype = urllib.parse._splittype
        self.assertEqual(splittype('type:opaquestring'), ('type', 'opaquestring'))
        self.assertEqual(splittype('opaquestring'), (None, 'opaquestring'))
        self.assertEqual(splittype(':opaquestring'), (None, ':opaquestring'))
        self.assertEqual(splittype('type:'), ('type', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splittype('type:opaque:string'), ('type', 'opaque:string'))

def test_splithost(self):
        splithost = urllib.parse._splithost
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//www.example.org:80/foo/bar/baz.html'),
                         ('www.example.org:80', '/foo/bar/baz.html'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//www.example.org:80'),
                         ('www.example.org:80', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('/foo/bar/baz.html'),
                         (None, '/foo/bar/baz.html'))

# bpo-30500: # starts a fragment.
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//127.0.0.1#@host.com'),
                         ('127.0.0.1', '/#@host.com'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//127.0.0.1#@host.com:80'),
                         ('127.0.0.1', '/#@host.com:80'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//127.0.0.1:80#@host.com'),
                         ('127.0.0.1:80', '/#@host.com'))

# Empty host is returned as empty string.
        self.assertEqual(splithost("///file"),
                         ('', '/file'))

# Trailing semicolon, question mark and hash symbol are kept.
        self.assertEqual(splithost("//example.net/file;"),
                         ('example.net', '/file;'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost("//example.net/file?"),
                         ('example.net', '/file?'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost("//example.net/file#"),
                         ('example.net', '/file#'))

def test_splituser(self):
        splituser = urllib.parse._splituser
        self.assertEqual(splituser('User:Pass@www.python.org:080'),
                         ('User:Pass', 'www.python.org:080'))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('@www.python.org:080'),
                         ('', 'www.python.org:080'))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('www.python.org:080'),
                         (None, 'www.python.org:080'))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('User:Pass@'),
                         ('User:Pass', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080'),
                         ('User@example.com:Pass', 'www.python.org:080'))

def test_splitpasswd(self):
        # Some of the password examples are not sensible, but it is added to
        # confirming to RFC2617 and addressing issue4675.
        splitpasswd = urllib.parse._splitpasswd
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:ab'), ('user', 'ab'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\nb'), ('user', 'a\nb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\tb'), ('user', 'a\tb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\rb'), ('user', 'a\rb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\fb'), ('user', 'a\fb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\vb'), ('user', 'a\vb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a:b'), ('user', 'a:b'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a b'), ('user', 'a b'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user 2:ab'), ('user 2', 'ab'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user+1:a+b'), ('user+1', 'a+b'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:'), ('user', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user'), ('user', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd(':ab'), ('', 'ab'))

def test_splitport(self):
        splitport = urllib.parse._splitport
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot:88'), ('parrot', '88'))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot'), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot:'), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('127.0.0.1'), ('127.0.0.1', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot:cheese'), ('parrot:cheese', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('[::1]:88'), ('[::1]', '88'))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('[::1]'), ('[::1]', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport(':88'), ('', '88'))

def test_splitnport(self):
        splitnport = urllib.parse._splitnport
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:88'), ('parrot', 88))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot'), ('parrot', -1))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot', 55), ('parrot', 55))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:'), ('parrot', -1))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:', 55), ('parrot', 55))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('127.0.0.1'), ('127.0.0.1', -1))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('127.0.0.1', 55), ('127.0.0.1', 55))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:cheese'), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:cheese', 55), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot: +1_0 '), ('parrot', None))

def test_splitquery(self):
        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; ensure that we also
        # catch cases with no port specified (testcase ensuring coverage)
        splitquery = urllib.parse._splitquery
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar'),
                         ('http://python.org/fake', 'foo=bar'))
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar?'),
                         ('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('http://python.org/fake'),
                         ('http://python.org/fake', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('?foo=bar'), ('', 'foo=bar'))

def test_splittag(self):
        splittag = urllib.parse._splittag
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar#baz'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar', 'baz'))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar#'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('#baz'), ('', 'baz'))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar', None))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar#baz#boo'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar#baz', 'boo'))

def test_splitattr(self):
        splitattr = urllib.parse._splitattr
        self.assertEqual(splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2'),
                         ('/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2']))
        self.assertEqual(splitattr('/path;'), ('/path', ['']))
        self.assertEqual(splitattr(';attr1=value1;attr2=value2'),
                         ('', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2']))
        self.assertEqual(splitattr('/path'), ('/path', []))

def test_splitvalue(self):
        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; test pathological cases
        # with no key/value pairs. (testcase ensuring coverage)
        splitvalue = urllib.parse._splitvalue
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foo=bar'), ('foo', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foo='), ('foo', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('=bar'), ('', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foobar'), ('foobar', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foo=bar=baz'), ('foo', 'bar=baz'))

def test_to_bytes(self):
        result = urllib.parse._to_bytes('http://www.python.org')
        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://www.python.org')
        self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, urllib.parse._to_bytes,
                          'http://www.python.org/medi\u00e6val')

def test_unwrap(self):
        for wrapped_url in ('<URL:scheme://host/path>', '<scheme://host/path>',
                            'URL:scheme://host/path', 'scheme://host/path'):
            url = urllib.parse.unwrap(wrapped_url)
            self.assertEqual(url, 'scheme://host/path')

class DeprecationTest(unittest.TestCase):

def test_Quoter_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            old_class = urllib.parse.Quoter
            self.assertIs(old_class, urllib.parse._Quoter)
        self.assertIn('Quoter will be removed', str(cm.warning))

def test_splittype_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splittype('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splittype() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splithost_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splithost('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splithost() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splituser_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splituser('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splituser() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splitpasswd_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splitpasswd('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splitpasswd() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splitport_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splitport('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splitport() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splitnport_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splitnport('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splitnport() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splitquery_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splitquery('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splitquery() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splittag_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splittag('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splittag() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splitattr_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splitattr('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splitattr() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.urlparse() instead')

def test_splitvalue_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.splitvalue('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.splitvalue() is deprecated as of 3.8, '
                         'use urllib.parse.parse_qsl() instead')

def test_to_bytes_deprecation(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning) as cm:
            urllib.parse.to_bytes('')
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.warning),
                         'urllib.parse.to_bytes() is deprecated as of 3.8')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

${this.title}

Code Editor : test_urlparse.py