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Name	Size	Permission
audiodata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
certdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
cjkencodings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
configdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
crashers	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
data	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
decimaltestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
dtracedata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
encoded_modules	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
imghdrdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
leakers	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
libregrtest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
regrtestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
sndhdrdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
subprocessdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
support	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_asyncio	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_capi	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_concurrent_futures	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_cppext	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_ctypes	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_dataclasses	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_doctest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_email	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_future_stmt	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_gdb	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_import	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_importlib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_inspect	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_json	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_lib2to3	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_module	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_multiprocessing_fork	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_multiprocessing_forkserve...	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_multiprocessing_spawn	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_peg_generator	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_pydoc	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_sqlite3	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_tkinter	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_tomllib	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_tools	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_ttk	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_unittest	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_warnings	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_zipfile	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
test_zoneinfo	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
tokenizedata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
tracedmodules	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
typinganndata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
wheeldata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
xmltestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
ziptestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x
Sine-1000Hz-300ms.aif	60.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
__init__.py	47 B	-rw-r--r--
__main__.py	67 B	-rw-r--r--
_test_atexit.py	3.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_eintr.py	17.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_embed_set_config.py	8.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_embed_structseq.py	1.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_multiprocessing.py	206.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
_test_venv_multiprocessing.py	796 B	-rw-r--r--
archiver_tests.py	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
audiotest.au	27.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
audiotests.py	12.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
audit-tests.py	13.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
autotest.py	214 B	-rw-r--r--
badsyntax_pep3120.py	14 B	-rw-r--r--
bisect_cmd.py	5.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clinic.test.c	138.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
cmath_testcases.txt	141.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
curses_tests.py	1.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
datetimetester.py	260.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
dis_module.py	76 B	-rw-r--r--
empty.vbs	70 B	-rw-r--r--
exception_hierarchy.txt	2.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
floating_points.txt	15.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
fork_wait.py	2.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
formatfloat_testcases.txt	7.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
ieee754.txt	3.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
levenshtein_examples.json	406.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
list_tests.py	16.64 KB	-rw-r--r--
lock_tests.py	35.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
mailcap.txt	1.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
mapping_tests.py	21.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
math_testcases.txt	23.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
memory_watchdog.py	711 B	-rw-r--r--
mime.types	47.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
mock_socket.py	3.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
mp_fork_bomb.py	448 B	-rw-r--r--
mp_preload.py	351 B	-rw-r--r--
multibytecodec_support.py	14.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
pickletester.py	143.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
profilee.py	2.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
pstats.pck	65.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
pyclbr_input.py	648 B	-rw-r--r--
pythoninfo.py	28.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
randv2_32.pck	7.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
randv2_64.pck	7.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
randv3.pck	7.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
re_tests.py	25.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
recursion.tar	516 B	-rw-r--r--
regrtest.py	1.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
relimport.py	27 B	-rw-r--r--
reperf.py	538 B	-rw-r--r--
seq_tests.py	14.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
signalinterproctester.py	3.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
ssl_servers.py	7.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
ssltests.py	1.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
string_tests.py	71.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
test___all__.py	5.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__locale.py	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__opcode.py	4.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__osx_support.py	13.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__xxinterpchannels.py	52.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test__xxsubinterpreters.py	27.5 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_abc.py	23.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_abstract_numbers.py	5.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_aifc.py	17.84 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_argparse.py	189 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_array.py	55.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
test_asdl_parser.py	4.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ast.py	140.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_asyncgen.py	47.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_atexit.py	3.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_audioop.py	28.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_audit.py	8.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_augassign.py	7.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_base64.py	35.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_baseexception.py	7.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bdb.py	43.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bigaddrspace.py	2.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bigmem.py	45.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_binascii.py	19.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_binop.py	14.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bisect.py	16.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bool.py	14.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_buffer.py	171.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bufio.py	2.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_builtin.py	95.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bytes.py	80.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_bz2.py	42.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_c_locale_coercion.py	20.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_calendar.py	51.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_call.py	35.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cgi.py	22.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cgitb.py	2.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_charmapcodec.py	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_class.py	19.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_clinic.py	83.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmath.py	23.55 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmd.py	6.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmd_line.py	39.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cmd_line_script.py	34.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_code.py	25.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_code_module.py	5.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codeccallbacks.py	47.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_cn.py	3.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_hk.py	701 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_iso2022.py	3.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_jp.py	4.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_kr.py	2.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecencodings_tw.py	681 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_cn.py	746 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_hk.py	386 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_jp.py	1.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_kr.py	1.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codecmaps_tw.py	705 B	-rw-r--r--
test_codecs.py	136.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_codeop.py	8.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_collections.py	93.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_colorsys.py	4.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compare.py	17.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compile.py	78.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compileall.py	48.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compiler_assemble.py	2.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_compiler_codegen.py	1.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_complex.py	35.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_configparser.py	85.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_contains.py	3.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_context.py	30.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_contextlib.py	43.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_contextlib_async.py	23.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_copy.py	26.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_copyreg.py	4.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_coroutines.py	67.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_cprofile.py	7.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_crashers.py	1.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_crypt.py	4.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_csv.py	61.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_curses.py	49.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_datetime.py	2.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm.py	6.83 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm_dumb.py	11.08 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm_gnu.py	7.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dbm_ndbm.py	5.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_decimal.py	216.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_decorators.py	14.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_defaultdict.py	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_deque.py	33.16 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_descr.py	196.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_descrtut.py	10.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_devpoll.py	4.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dict.py	50.92 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dict_version.py	6.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dictcomps.py	5.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dictviews.py	14.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_difflib.py	21.47 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_difflib_expect.html	100.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dis.py	83 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_docxmlrpc.py	9.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dtrace.py	7.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dynamic.py	6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_dynamicclassattribute.py	9.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_eintr.py	627 B	-rw-r--r--
test_embed.py	69.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ensurepip.py	11.49 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_enum.py	186.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_enumerate.py	9.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_eof.py	3.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_epoll.py	9.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_errno.py	1.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_except_star.py	38.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exception_group.py	34.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exception_hierarchy.py	7.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exception_variations.py	13.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_exceptions.py	76.46 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_extcall.py	14.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_faulthandler.py	30.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fcntl.py	7.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_file.py	11.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_file_eintr.py	10.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_filecmp.py	10.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fileinput.py	37.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fileio.py	19.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fileutils.py	951 B	-rw-r--r--
test_finalization.py	14.66 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_float.py	64.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_flufl.py	1.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fnmatch.py	10.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fork1.py	3.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_format.py	28.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fractions.py	52.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_frame.py	14.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_frozen.py	2.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_fstring.py	64.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ftplib.py	41.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_funcattrs.py	15.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_functools.py	109.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_gc.py	47.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_generator_stop.py	943 B	-rw-r--r--
test_generators.py	66.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genericalias.py	17.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genericclass.py	9.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genericpath.py	22.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_genexps.py	7.3 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_getopt.py	6.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_getpass.py	6.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_getpath.py	44.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_gettext.py	35.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_glob.py	17.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_global.py	1.2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_grammar.py	65.97 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_graphlib.py	8.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_grp.py	3.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_gzip.py	40.94 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_hash.py	12.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_hashlib.py	46.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_heapq.py	16.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_hmac.py	26.06 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_html.py	4.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_htmlparser.py	33.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_http_cookiejar.py	81.57 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_http_cookies.py	18.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_httplib.py	96.14 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_httpservers.py	56.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_idle.py	831 B	-rw-r--r--
test_imaplib.py	41.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_imghdr.py	4.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_index.py	8.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_int.py	33.34 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_int_literal.py	6.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_interpreters.py	32.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_io.py	182.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ioctl.py	3.24 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ipaddress.py	119.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_isinstance.py	12.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_iter.py	36.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_iterlen.py	7.1 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_itertools.py	106.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_keyword.py	2 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_keywordonlyarg.py	6.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_kqueue.py	9.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_largefile.py	10.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_launcher.py	27.23 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_linecache.py	11.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_list.py	8.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_listcomps.py	20.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_lltrace.py	3.71 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_locale.py	24.43 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_logging.py	241.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_long.py	63.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_longexp.py	233 B	-rw-r--r--
test_lzma.py	92.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mailbox.py	93.91 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mailcap.py	11.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_marshal.py	23.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_math.py	107.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_math_property.py	1.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_memoryio.py	32.65 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_memoryview.py	21.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_metaclass.py	6.19 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mimetypes.py	15.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_minidom.py	68.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_mmap.py	38.56 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_modulefinder.py	12.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_monitoring.py	55.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_msilib.py	5.52 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_multibytecodec.py	15.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_multiprocessing_main_hand...	11.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_named_expressions.py	29.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_netrc.py	11.86 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_nis.py	1.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_nntplib.py	62.7 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ntpath.py	52.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_numeric_tower.py	8 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_opcache.py	10.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_opcodes.py	3.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_openpty.py	600 B	-rw-r--r--
test_operator.py	26.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_optparse.py	61.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ordered_dict.py	35.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_os.py	179.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_ossaudiodev.py	7.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_osx_env.py	1.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pathlib.py	137.81 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_patma.py	86.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pdb.py	86.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_peepholer.py	40.6 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pep646_syntax.py	7.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_perf_profiler.py	11.27 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_perfmaps.py	685 B	-rw-r--r--
test_pickle.py	20.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_picklebuffer.py	4.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pickletools.py	4.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pipes.py	6.79 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pkg.py	9.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pkgutil.py	22.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_platform.py	21.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_plistlib.py	41.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_poll.py	7.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_popen.py	2.11 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_poplib.py	17.05 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_positional_only_arg.py	18.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_posix.py	95.07 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_posixpath.py	33.75 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pow.py	6.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pprint.py	50.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_print.py	7.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_profile.py	8.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_property.py	18.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pstats.py	4.31 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pty.py	16.18 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pulldom.py	12.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pwd.py	4.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_py_compile.py	11.93 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pyclbr.py	10.15 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_pyexpat.py	29.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_queue.py	20.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_quopri.py	7.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_raise.py	13.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_random.py	56.69 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_range.py	26.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_re.py	131.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_readline.py	12.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_regrtest.py	90.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_repl.py	4.99 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_reprlib.py	27.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_resource.py	7.12 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_richcmp.py	11.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_rlcompleter.py	7.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_robotparser.py	11.02 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_runpy.py	33.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_sax.py	54.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_sched.py	7.38 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_scope.py	21.21 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_script_helper.py	5.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_secrets.py	4.28 KB	-rw-r--r--
test_select.py	3.42 KB	-rw-r--r--
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Code Editor : test_gc.py

import unittest
import unittest.mock
from test.support import (verbose, refcount_test,
                          cpython_only, requires_subprocess)
from test.support.import_helper import import_module
from test.support.os_helper import temp_dir, TESTFN, unlink
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok, make_script
from test.support import threading_helper

import gc
import sys
import sysconfig
import textwrap
import threading
import time
import weakref

try:
    from _testcapi import with_tp_del
except ImportError:
    def with_tp_del(cls):
        class C(object):
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
                raise TypeError('requires _testcapi.with_tp_del')
        return C

try:
    from _testcapi import ContainerNoGC
except ImportError:
    ContainerNoGC = None

### Support code
###############################################################################

# Bug 1055820 has several tests of longstanding bugs involving weakrefs and
# cyclic gc.

# An instance of C1055820 has a self-loop, so becomes cyclic trash when
# unreachable.
class C1055820(object):
    def __init__(self, i):
        self.i = i
        self.loop = self

class GC_Detector(object):
    # Create an instance I.  Then gc hasn't happened again so long as
    # I.gc_happened is false.

def __init__(self):
        self.gc_happened = False

def it_happened(ignored):
            self.gc_happened = True

# Create a piece of cyclic trash that triggers it_happened when
        # gc collects it.
        self.wr = weakref.ref(C1055820(666), it_happened)

@with_tp_del
class Uncollectable(object):
    """Create a reference cycle with multiple __del__ methods.

An object in a reference cycle will never have zero references,
    and so must be garbage collected.  If one or more objects in the
    cycle have __del__ methods, the gc refuses to guess an order,
    and leaves the cycle uncollected."""
    def __init__(self, partner=None):
        if partner is None:
            self.partner = Uncollectable(partner=self)
        else:
            self.partner = partner
    def __tp_del__(self):
        pass

if sysconfig.get_config_vars().get('PY_CFLAGS', ''):
    BUILD_WITH_NDEBUG = ('-DNDEBUG' in sysconfig.get_config_vars()['PY_CFLAGS'])
else:
    # Usually, sys.gettotalrefcount() is only present if Python has been
    # compiled in debug mode. If it's missing, expect that Python has
    # been released in release mode: with NDEBUG defined.
    BUILD_WITH_NDEBUG = (not hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'))

### Tests
###############################################################################

class GCTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_list(self):
        l = []
        l.append(l)
        gc.collect()
        del l
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 1)

def test_dict(self):
        d = {}
        d[1] = d
        gc.collect()
        del d
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 1)

def test_tuple(self):
        # since tuples are immutable we close the loop with a list
        l = []
        t = (l,)
        l.append(t)
        gc.collect()
        del t
        del l
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)

def test_class(self):
        class A:
            pass
        A.a = A
        gc.collect()
        del A
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)

def test_newstyleclass(self):
        class A(object):
            pass
        gc.collect()
        del A
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)

def test_instance(self):
        class A:
            pass
        a = A()
        a.a = a
        gc.collect()
        del a
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)

def test_newinstance(self):
        class A(object):
            pass
        a = A()
        a.a = a
        gc.collect()
        del a
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
        class B(list):
            pass
        class C(B, A):
            pass
        a = C()
        a.a = a
        gc.collect()
        del a
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
        del B, C
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
        A.a = A()
        del A
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 0)

def test_method(self):
        # Tricky: self.__init__ is a bound method, it references the instance.
        class A:
            def __init__(self):
                self.init = self.__init__
        a = A()
        gc.collect()
        del a
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)

@cpython_only
    def test_legacy_finalizer(self):
        # A() is uncollectable if it is part of a cycle, make sure it shows up
        # in gc.garbage.
        @with_tp_del
        class A:
            def __tp_del__(self): pass
        class B:
            pass
        a = A()
        a.a = a
        id_a = id(a)
        b = B()
        b.b = b
        gc.collect()
        del a
        del b
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
        for obj in gc.garbage:
            if id(obj) == id_a:
                del obj.a
                break
        else:
            self.fail("didn't find obj in garbage (finalizer)")
        gc.garbage.remove(obj)

@cpython_only
    def test_legacy_finalizer_newclass(self):
        # A() is uncollectable if it is part of a cycle, make sure it shows up
        # in gc.garbage.
        @with_tp_del
        class A(object):
            def __tp_del__(self): pass
        class B(object):
            pass
        a = A()
        a.a = a
        id_a = id(a)
        b = B()
        b.b = b
        gc.collect()
        del a
        del b
        self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
        for obj in gc.garbage:
            if id(obj) == id_a:
                del obj.a
                break
        else:
            self.fail("didn't find obj in garbage (finalizer)")
        gc.garbage.remove(obj)

def test_function(self):
        # Tricky: f -> d -> f, code should call d.clear() after the exec to
        # break the cycle.
        d = {}
        exec("def f(): pass\n", d)
        gc.collect()
        del d
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)

def test_function_tp_clear_leaves_consistent_state(self):
        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91636
        code = """if 1:

import gc
        import weakref

class LateFin:
            __slots__ = ('ref',)

def __del__(self):

# 8. Now `latefin`'s finalizer is called. Here we
                #    obtain a reference to `func`, which is currently
                #    undergoing `tp_clear`.
                global func
                func = self.ref()

class Cyclic(tuple):
            __slots__ = ()

# 4. The finalizers of all garbage objects are called. In
            #    this case this is only us as `func` doesn't have a
            #    finalizer.
            def __del__(self):

# 5. Create a weakref to `func` now. If we had created
                #    it earlier, it would have been cleared by the
                #    garbage collector before calling the finalizers.
                self[1].ref = weakref.ref(self[0])

# 6. Drop the global reference to `latefin`. The only
                #    remaining reference is the one we have.
                global latefin
                del latefin

# 7. Now `func` is `tp_clear`-ed. This drops the last
            #    reference to `Cyclic`, which gets `tp_dealloc`-ed.
            #    This drops the last reference to `latefin`.

latefin = LateFin()
        def func():
            pass
        cyc = tuple.__new__(Cyclic, (func, latefin))

# 1. Create a reference cycle of `cyc` and `func`.
        func.__module__ = cyc

# 2. Make the cycle unreachable, but keep the global reference
        #    to `latefin` so that it isn't detected as garbage. This
        #    way its finalizer will not be called immediately.
        del func, cyc

# 3. Invoke garbage collection,
        #    which will find `cyc` and `func` as garbage.
        gc.collect()

# 9. Previously, this would crash because `func_qualname`
        #    had been NULL-ed out by func_clear().
        print(f"{func=}")
        """
        # We're mostly just checking that this doesn't crash.
        rc, stdout, stderr = assert_python_ok("-c", code)
        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
        self.assertRegex(stdout, rb"""\A\s*func=<function  at \S+>\s*\Z""")
        self.assertFalse(stderr)

@refcount_test
    def test_frame(self):
        def f():
            frame = sys._getframe()
        gc.collect()
        f()
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 1)

def test_saveall(self):
        # Verify that cyclic garbage like lists show up in gc.garbage if the
        # SAVEALL option is enabled.

# First make sure we don't save away other stuff that just happens to
        # be waiting for collection.
        gc.collect()
        # if this fails, someone else created immortal trash
        self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])

L = []
        L.append(L)
        id_L = id(L)

debug = gc.get_debug()
        gc.set_debug(debug | gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL)
        del L
        gc.collect()
        gc.set_debug(debug)

self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), 1)
        obj = gc.garbage.pop()
        self.assertEqual(id(obj), id_L)

def test_del(self):
        # __del__ methods can trigger collection, make this to happen
        thresholds = gc.get_threshold()
        gc.enable()
        gc.set_threshold(1)

class A:
            def __del__(self):
                dir(self)
        a = A()
        del a

gc.disable()
        gc.set_threshold(*thresholds)

def test_del_newclass(self):
        # __del__ methods can trigger collection, make this to happen
        thresholds = gc.get_threshold()
        gc.enable()
        gc.set_threshold(1)

class A(object):
            def __del__(self):
                dir(self)
        a = A()
        del a

gc.disable()
        gc.set_threshold(*thresholds)

# The following two tests are fragile:
    # They precisely count the number of allocations,
    # which is highly implementation-dependent.
    # For example, disposed tuples are not freed, but reused.
    # To minimize variations, though, we first store the get_count() results
    # and check them at the end.
    @refcount_test
    def test_get_count(self):
        gc.collect()
        a, b, c = gc.get_count()
        x = []
        d, e, f = gc.get_count()
        self.assertEqual((b, c), (0, 0))
        self.assertEqual((e, f), (0, 0))
        # This is less fragile than asserting that a equals 0.
        self.assertLess(a, 5)
        # Between the two calls to get_count(), at least one object was
        # created (the list).
        self.assertGreater(d, a)

@refcount_test
    def test_collect_generations(self):
        gc.collect()
        # This object will "trickle" into generation N + 1 after
        # each call to collect(N)
        x = []
        gc.collect(0)
        # x is now in gen 1
        a, b, c = gc.get_count()
        gc.collect(1)
        # x is now in gen 2
        d, e, f = gc.get_count()
        gc.collect(2)
        # x is now in gen 3
        g, h, i = gc.get_count()
        # We don't check a, d, g since their exact values depends on
        # internal implementation details of the interpreter.
        self.assertEqual((b, c), (1, 0))
        self.assertEqual((e, f), (0, 1))
        self.assertEqual((h, i), (0, 0))

def test_trashcan(self):
        class Ouch:
            n = 0
            def __del__(self):
                Ouch.n = Ouch.n + 1
                if Ouch.n % 17 == 0:
                    gc.collect()

# "trashcan" is a hack to prevent stack overflow when deallocating
        # very deeply nested tuples etc.  It works in part by abusing the
        # type pointer and refcount fields, and that can yield horrible
        # problems when gc tries to traverse the structures.
        # If this test fails (as it does in 2.0, 2.1 and 2.2), it will
        # most likely die via segfault.

# Note:  In 2.3 the possibility for compiling without cyclic gc was
        # removed, and that in turn allows the trashcan mechanism to work
        # via much simpler means (e.g., it never abuses the type pointer or
        # refcount fields anymore).  Since it's much less likely to cause a
        # problem now, the various constants in this expensive (we force a lot
        # of full collections) test are cut back from the 2.2 version.
        gc.enable()
        N = 150
        for count in range(2):
            t = []
            for i in range(N):
                t = [t, Ouch()]
            u = []
            for i in range(N):
                u = [u, Ouch()]
            v = {}
            for i in range(N):
                v = {1: v, 2: Ouch()}
        gc.disable()

@threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_trashcan_threads(self):
        # Issue #13992: trashcan mechanism should be thread-safe
        NESTING = 60
        N_THREADS = 2

def sleeper_gen():
            """A generator that releases the GIL when closed or dealloc'ed."""
            try:
                yield
            finally:
                time.sleep(0.000001)

class C(list):
            # Appending to a list is atomic, which avoids the use of a lock.
            inits = []
            dels = []
            def __init__(self, alist):
                self[:] = alist
                C.inits.append(None)
            def __del__(self):
                # This __del__ is called by subtype_dealloc().
                C.dels.append(None)
                # `g` will release the GIL when garbage-collected.  This
                # helps assert subtype_dealloc's behaviour when threads
                # switch in the middle of it.
                g = sleeper_gen()
                next(g)
                # Now that __del__ is finished, subtype_dealloc will proceed
                # to call list_dealloc, which also uses the trashcan mechanism.

def make_nested():
            """Create a sufficiently nested container object so that the
            trashcan mechanism is invoked when deallocating it."""
            x = C([])
            for i in range(NESTING):
                x = [C([x])]
            del x

def run_thread():
            """Exercise make_nested() in a loop."""
            while not exit:
                make_nested()

old_switchinterval = sys.getswitchinterval()
        sys.setswitchinterval(1e-5)
        try:
            exit = []
            threads = []
            for i in range(N_THREADS):
                t = threading.Thread(target=run_thread)
                threads.append(t)
            with threading_helper.start_threads(threads, lambda: exit.append(1)):
                time.sleep(1.0)
        finally:
            sys.setswitchinterval(old_switchinterval)
        gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(len(C.inits), len(C.dels))

def test_boom(self):
        class Boom:
            def __getattr__(self, someattribute):
                del self.attr
                raise AttributeError

a = Boom()
        b = Boom()
        a.attr = b
        b.attr = a

gc.collect()
        garbagelen = len(gc.garbage)
        del a, b
        # a<->b are in a trash cycle now.  Collection will invoke
        # Boom.__getattr__ (to see whether a and b have __del__ methods), and
        # __getattr__ deletes the internal "attr" attributes as a side effect.
        # That causes the trash cycle to get reclaimed via refcounts falling to
        # 0, thus mutating the trash graph as a side effect of merely asking
        # whether __del__ exists.  This used to (before 2.3b1) crash Python.
        # Now __getattr__ isn't called.
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
        self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), garbagelen)

def test_boom2(self):
        class Boom2:
            def __init__(self):
                self.x = 0

def __getattr__(self, someattribute):
                self.x += 1
                if self.x > 1:
                    del self.attr
                raise AttributeError

a = Boom2()
        b = Boom2()
        a.attr = b
        b.attr = a

gc.collect()
        garbagelen = len(gc.garbage)
        del a, b
        # Much like test_boom(), except that __getattr__ doesn't break the
        # cycle until the second time gc checks for __del__.  As of 2.3b1,
        # there isn't a second time, so this simply cleans up the trash cycle.
        # We expect a, b, a.__dict__ and b.__dict__ (4 objects) to get
        # reclaimed this way.
        self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
        self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), garbagelen)

def test_get_referents(self):
        alist = [1, 3, 5]
        got = gc.get_referents(alist)
        got.sort()
        self.assertEqual(got, alist)

atuple = tuple(alist)
        got = gc.get_referents(atuple)
        got.sort()
        self.assertEqual(got, alist)

adict = {1: 3, 5: 7}
        expected = [1, 3, 5, 7]
        got = gc.get_referents(adict)
        got.sort()
        self.assertEqual(got, expected)

got = gc.get_referents([1, 2], {3: 4}, (0, 0, 0))
        got.sort()
        self.assertEqual(got, [0, 0] + list(range(5)))

self.assertEqual(gc.get_referents(1, 'a', 4j), [])

def test_is_tracked(self):
        # Atomic built-in types are not tracked, user-defined objects and
        # mutable containers are.
        # NOTE: types with special optimizations (e.g. tuple) have tests
        # in their own test files instead.
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(None))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(1))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(1.0))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(1.0 + 5.0j))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(True))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(False))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(b"a"))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked("a"))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(bytearray(b"a")))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(type))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(int))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(object))
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(object()))

class UserClass:
            pass

class UserInt(int):
            pass

# Base class is object; no extra fields.
        class UserClassSlots:
            __slots__ = ()

# Base class is fixed size larger than object; no extra fields.
        class UserFloatSlots(float):
            __slots__ = ()

# Base class is variable size; no extra fields.
        class UserIntSlots(int):
            __slots__ = ()

self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(gc))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserClass))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserClass()))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserInt()))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked([]))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(set()))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserClassSlots()))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserFloatSlots()))
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(UserIntSlots()))

def test_is_finalized(self):
        # Objects not tracked by the always gc return false
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_finalized(3))

storage = []
        class Lazarus:
            def __del__(self):
                storage.append(self)

lazarus = Lazarus()
        self.assertFalse(gc.is_finalized(lazarus))

del lazarus
        gc.collect()

lazarus = storage.pop()
        self.assertTrue(gc.is_finalized(lazarus))

def test_bug1055820b(self):
        # Corresponds to temp2b.py in the bug report.

ouch = []
        def callback(ignored):
            ouch[:] = [wr() for wr in WRs]

Cs = [C1055820(i) for i in range(2)]
        WRs = [weakref.ref(c, callback) for c in Cs]
        c = None

gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 0)
        # Make the two instances trash, and collect again.  The bug was that
        # the callback materialized a strong reference to an instance, but gc
        # cleared the instance's dict anyway.
        Cs = None
        gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 2)  # else the callbacks didn't run
        for x in ouch:
            # If the callback resurrected one of these guys, the instance
            # would be damaged, with an empty __dict__.
            self.assertEqual(x, None)

def test_bug21435(self):
        # This is a poor test - its only virtue is that it happened to
        # segfault on Tim's Windows box before the patch for 21435 was
        # applied.  That's a nasty bug relying on specific pieces of cyclic
        # trash appearing in exactly the right order in finalize_garbage()'s
        # input list.
        # But there's no reliable way to force that order from Python code,
        # so over time chances are good this test won't really be testing much
        # of anything anymore.  Still, if it blows up, there's _some_
        # problem ;-)
        gc.collect()

class A:
            pass

class B:
            def __init__(self, x):
                self.x = x

def __del__(self):
                self.attr = None

def do_work():
            a = A()
            b = B(A())

a.attr = b
            b.attr = a

do_work()
        gc.collect() # this blows up (bad C pointer) when it fails

@cpython_only
    @requires_subprocess()
    def test_garbage_at_shutdown(self):
        import subprocess
        code = """if 1:
            import gc
            import _testcapi
            @_testcapi.with_tp_del
            class X:
                def __init__(self, name):
                    self.name = name
                def __repr__(self):
                    return "<X %%r>" %% self.name
                def __tp_del__(self):
                    pass

x = X('first')
            x.x = x
            x.y = X('second')
            del x
            gc.set_debug(%s)
        """
        def run_command(code):
            p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-Wd", "-c", code],
                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
            p.stdout.close()
            p.stderr.close()
            self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)
            self.assertEqual(stdout, b"")
            return stderr

stderr = run_command(code % "0")
        self.assertIn(b"ResourceWarning: gc: 2 uncollectable objects at "
                      b"shutdown; use", stderr)
        self.assertNotIn(b"<X 'first'>", stderr)
        # With DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE, the garbage list gets printed
        stderr = run_command(code % "gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE")
        self.assertIn(b"ResourceWarning: gc: 2 uncollectable objects at "
                      b"shutdown", stderr)
        self.assertTrue(
            (b"[<X 'first'>, <X 'second'>]" in stderr) or
            (b"[<X 'second'>, <X 'first'>]" in stderr), stderr)
        # With DEBUG_SAVEALL, no additional message should get printed
        # (because gc.garbage also contains normally reclaimable cyclic
        # references, and its elements get printed at runtime anyway).
        stderr = run_command(code % "gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL")
        self.assertNotIn(b"uncollectable objects at shutdown", stderr)

def test_gc_main_module_at_shutdown(self):
        # Create a reference cycle through the __main__ module and check
        # it gets collected at interpreter shutdown.
        code = """if 1:
            class C:
                def __del__(self):
                    print('__del__ called')
            l = [C()]
            l.append(l)
            """
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'__del__ called')

def test_gc_ordinary_module_at_shutdown(self):
        # Same as above, but with a non-__main__ module.
        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
            module = """if 1:
                class C:
                    def __del__(self):
                        print('__del__ called')
                l = [C()]
                l.append(l)
                """
            code = """if 1:
                import sys
                sys.path.insert(0, %r)
                import gctest
                """ % (script_dir,)
            make_script(script_dir, 'gctest', module)
            rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
            self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'__del__ called')

def test_global_del_SystemExit(self):
        code = """if 1:
            class ClassWithDel:
                def __del__(self):
                    print('__del__ called')
            a = ClassWithDel()
            a.link = a
            raise SystemExit(0)"""
        self.addCleanup(unlink, TESTFN)
        with open(TESTFN, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as script:
            script.write(code)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(TESTFN)
        self.assertEqual(out.strip(), b'__del__ called')

def test_get_stats(self):
        stats = gc.get_stats()
        self.assertEqual(len(stats), 3)
        for st in stats:
            self.assertIsInstance(st, dict)
            self.assertEqual(set(st),
                             {"collected", "collections", "uncollectable"})
            self.assertGreaterEqual(st["collected"], 0)
            self.assertGreaterEqual(st["collections"], 0)
            self.assertGreaterEqual(st["uncollectable"], 0)
        # Check that collection counts are incremented correctly
        if gc.isenabled():
            self.addCleanup(gc.enable)
            gc.disable()
        old = gc.get_stats()
        gc.collect(0)
        new = gc.get_stats()
        self.assertEqual(new[0]["collections"], old[0]["collections"] + 1)
        self.assertEqual(new[1]["collections"], old[1]["collections"])
        self.assertEqual(new[2]["collections"], old[2]["collections"])
        gc.collect(2)
        new = gc.get_stats()
        self.assertEqual(new[0]["collections"], old[0]["collections"] + 1)
        self.assertEqual(new[1]["collections"], old[1]["collections"])
        self.assertEqual(new[2]["collections"], old[2]["collections"] + 1)

def test_freeze(self):
        gc.freeze()
        self.assertGreater(gc.get_freeze_count(), 0)
        gc.unfreeze()
        self.assertEqual(gc.get_freeze_count(), 0)

def test_get_objects(self):
        gc.collect()
        l = []
        l.append(l)
        self.assertTrue(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=0))
        )
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in  gc.get_objects(generation=1))
        )
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=2))
        )
        gc.collect(generation=0)
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=0))
        )
        self.assertTrue(
                any(l is element for element in  gc.get_objects(generation=1))
        )
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=2))
        )
        gc.collect(generation=1)
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=0))
        )
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in  gc.get_objects(generation=1))
        )
        self.assertTrue(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=2))
        )
        gc.collect(generation=2)
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=0))
        )
        self.assertFalse(
                any(l is element for element in  gc.get_objects(generation=1))
        )
        self.assertTrue(
                any(l is element for element in gc.get_objects(generation=2))
        )
        del l
        gc.collect()

def test_get_objects_arguments(self):
        gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(len(gc.get_objects()),
                         len(gc.get_objects(generation=None)))

self.assertRaises(ValueError, gc.get_objects, 1000)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, gc.get_objects, -1000)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, gc.get_objects, "1")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, gc.get_objects, 1.234)

def test_resurrection_only_happens_once_per_object(self):
        class A:  # simple self-loop
            def __init__(self):
                self.me = self

class Lazarus(A):
            resurrected = 0
            resurrected_instances = []

def __del__(self):
                Lazarus.resurrected += 1
                Lazarus.resurrected_instances.append(self)

gc.collect()
        gc.disable()

# We start with 0 resurrections
        laz = Lazarus()
        self.assertEqual(Lazarus.resurrected, 0)

# Deleting the instance and triggering a collection
        # resurrects the object
        del laz
        gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(Lazarus.resurrected, 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(Lazarus.resurrected_instances), 1)

# Clearing the references and forcing a collection
        # should not resurrect the object again.
        Lazarus.resurrected_instances.clear()
        self.assertEqual(Lazarus.resurrected, 1)
        gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(Lazarus.resurrected, 1)

gc.enable()

def test_resurrection_is_transitive(self):
        class Cargo:
            def __init__(self):
                self.me = self

class Lazarus:
            resurrected_instances = []

def __del__(self):
                Lazarus.resurrected_instances.append(self)

gc.collect()
        gc.disable()

laz = Lazarus()
        cargo = Cargo()
        cargo_id = id(cargo)

# Create a cycle between cargo and laz
        laz.cargo = cargo
        cargo.laz = laz

# Drop the references, force a collection and check that
        # everything was resurrected.
        del laz, cargo
        gc.collect()
        self.assertEqual(len(Lazarus.resurrected_instances), 1)
        instance = Lazarus.resurrected_instances.pop()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(instance, "cargo"))
        self.assertEqual(id(instance.cargo), cargo_id)

gc.collect()
        gc.enable()

def test_resurrection_does_not_block_cleanup_of_other_objects(self):

# When a finalizer resurrects objects, stats were reporting them as
        # having been collected.  This affected both collect()'s return
        # value and the dicts returned by get_stats().
        N = 100

class A:  # simple self-loop
            def __init__(self):
                self.me = self

class Z(A):  # resurrecting __del__
            def __del__(self):
                zs.append(self)

zs = []

def getstats():
            d = gc.get_stats()[-1]
            return d['collected'], d['uncollectable']

gc.collect()
        gc.disable()

# No problems if just collecting A() instances.
        oldc, oldnc = getstats()
        for i in range(N):
            A()
        t = gc.collect()
        c, nc = getstats()
        self.assertEqual(t, N) # instance objects
        self.assertEqual(c - oldc, N)
        self.assertEqual(nc - oldnc, 0)

# But Z() is not actually collected.
        oldc, oldnc = c, nc
        Z()
        # Nothing is collected - Z() is merely resurrected.
        t = gc.collect()
        c, nc = getstats()
        self.assertEqual(t, 0)
        self.assertEqual(c - oldc, 0)
        self.assertEqual(nc - oldnc, 0)

# Z() should not prevent anything else from being collected.
        oldc, oldnc = c, nc
        for i in range(N):
            A()
        Z()
        t = gc.collect()
        c, nc = getstats()
        self.assertEqual(t, N)
        self.assertEqual(c - oldc, N)
        self.assertEqual(nc - oldnc, 0)

# The A() trash should have been reclaimed already but the
        # 2 copies of Z are still in zs (and the associated dicts).
        oldc, oldnc = c, nc
        zs.clear()
        t = gc.collect()
        c, nc = getstats()
        self.assertEqual(t, 2)
        self.assertEqual(c - oldc, 2)
        self.assertEqual(nc - oldnc, 0)

gc.enable()

@unittest.skipIf(ContainerNoGC is None,
                     'requires ContainerNoGC extension type')
    def test_trash_weakref_clear(self):
        # Test that trash weakrefs are properly cleared (bpo-38006).
        #
        # Structure we are creating:
        #
        #   Z <- Y <- A--+--> WZ -> C
        #             ^  |
        #             +--+
        # where:
        #   WZ is a weakref to Z with callback C
        #   Y doesn't implement tp_traverse
        #   A contains a reference to itself, Y and WZ
        #
        # A, Y, Z, WZ are all trash.  The GC doesn't know that Z is trash
        # because Y does not implement tp_traverse.  To show the bug, WZ needs
        # to live long enough so that Z is deallocated before it.  Then, if
        # gcmodule is buggy, when Z is being deallocated, C will run.
        #
        # To ensure WZ lives long enough, we put it in a second reference
        # cycle.  That trick only works due to the ordering of the GC prev/next
        # linked lists.  So, this test is a bit fragile.
        #
        # The bug reported in bpo-38006 is caused because the GC did not
        # clear WZ before starting the process of calling tp_clear on the
        # trash.  Normally, handle_weakrefs() would find the weakref via Z and
        # clear it.  However, since the GC cannot find Z, WR is not cleared and
        # it can execute during delete_garbage().  That can lead to disaster
        # since the callback might tinker with objects that have already had
        # tp_clear called on them (leaving them in possibly invalid states).

callback = unittest.mock.Mock()

class A:
            __slots__ = ['a', 'y', 'wz']

class Z:
            pass

# setup required object graph, as described above
        a = A()
        a.a = a
        a.y = ContainerNoGC(Z())
        a.wz = weakref.ref(a.y.value, callback)
        # create second cycle to keep WZ alive longer
        wr_cycle = [a.wz]
        wr_cycle.append(wr_cycle)
        # ensure trash unrelated to this test is gone
        gc.collect()
        gc.disable()
        # release references and create trash
        del a, wr_cycle
        gc.collect()
        # if called, it means there is a bug in the GC.  The weakref should be
        # cleared before Z dies.
        callback.assert_not_called()
        gc.enable()

class GCCallbackTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Save gc state and disable it.
        self.enabled = gc.isenabled()
        gc.disable()
        self.debug = gc.get_debug()
        gc.set_debug(0)
        gc.callbacks.append(self.cb1)
        gc.callbacks.append(self.cb2)
        self.othergarbage = []

def tearDown(self):
        # Restore gc state
        del self.visit
        gc.callbacks.remove(self.cb1)
        gc.callbacks.remove(self.cb2)
        gc.set_debug(self.debug)
        if self.enabled:
            gc.enable()
        # destroy any uncollectables
        gc.collect()
        for obj in gc.garbage:
            if isinstance(obj, Uncollectable):
                obj.partner = None
        del gc.garbage[:]
        del self.othergarbage
        gc.collect()

def preclean(self):
        # Remove all fluff from the system.  Invoke this function
        # manually rather than through self.setUp() for maximum
        # safety.
        self.visit = []
        gc.collect()
        garbage, gc.garbage[:] = gc.garbage[:], []
        self.othergarbage.append(garbage)
        self.visit = []

def cb1(self, phase, info):
        self.visit.append((1, phase, dict(info)))

def cb2(self, phase, info):
        self.visit.append((2, phase, dict(info)))
        if phase == "stop" and hasattr(self, "cleanup"):
            # Clean Uncollectable from garbage
            uc = [e for e in gc.garbage if isinstance(e, Uncollectable)]
            gc.garbage[:] = [e for e in gc.garbage
                             if not isinstance(e, Uncollectable)]
            for e in uc:
                e.partner = None

def test_collect(self):
        self.preclean()
        gc.collect()
        # Algorithmically verify the contents of self.visit
        # because it is long and tortuous.

# Count the number of visits to each callback
        n = [v[0] for v in self.visit]
        n1 = [i for i in n if i == 1]
        n2 = [i for i in n if i == 2]
        self.assertEqual(n1, [1]*2)
        self.assertEqual(n2, [2]*2)

# Count that we got the right number of start and stop callbacks.
        n = [v[1] for v in self.visit]
        n1 = [i for i in n if i == "start"]
        n2 = [i for i in n if i == "stop"]
        self.assertEqual(n1, ["start"]*2)
        self.assertEqual(n2, ["stop"]*2)

# Check that we got the right info dict for all callbacks
        for v in self.visit:
            info = v[2]
            self.assertTrue("generation" in info)
            self.assertTrue("collected" in info)
            self.assertTrue("uncollectable" in info)

def test_collect_generation(self):
        self.preclean()
        gc.collect(2)
        for v in self.visit:
            info = v[2]
            self.assertEqual(info["generation"], 2)

@cpython_only
    def test_collect_garbage(self):
        self.preclean()
        # Each of these cause two objects to be garbage:
        Uncollectable()
        Uncollectable()
        C1055820(666)
        gc.collect()
        for v in self.visit:
            if v[1] != "stop":
                continue
            info = v[2]
            self.assertEqual(info["collected"], 1)
            self.assertEqual(info["uncollectable"], 4)

# We should now have the Uncollectables in gc.garbage
        self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), 4)
        for e in gc.garbage:
            self.assertIsInstance(e, Uncollectable)

# Now, let our callback handle the Uncollectable instances
        self.cleanup=True
        self.visit = []
        gc.garbage[:] = []
        gc.collect()
        for v in self.visit:
            if v[1] != "stop":
                continue
            info = v[2]
            self.assertEqual(info["collected"], 0)
            self.assertEqual(info["uncollectable"], 2)

# Uncollectables should be gone
        self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), 0)

@unittest.skipIf(BUILD_WITH_NDEBUG,
                     'built with -NDEBUG')
    def test_refcount_errors(self):
        self.preclean()
        # Verify the "handling" of objects with broken refcounts

# Skip the test if ctypes is not available
        import_module("ctypes")

import subprocess
        code = textwrap.dedent('''
            from test.support import gc_collect, SuppressCrashReport

a = [1, 2, 3]
            b = [a]

# Avoid coredump when Py_FatalError() calls abort()
            SuppressCrashReport().__enter__()

# Simulate the refcount of "a" being too low (compared to the
            # references held on it by live data), but keeping it above zero
            # (to avoid deallocating it):
            import ctypes
            ctypes.pythonapi.Py_DecRef(ctypes.py_object(a))

# The garbage collector should now have a fatal error
            # when it reaches the broken object
            gc_collect()
        ''')
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", code],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        p.stdout.close()
        p.stderr.close()
        # Verify that stderr has a useful error message:
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'gcmodule\.c:[0-9]+: gc_decref: Assertion "gc_get_refs\(g\) > 0" failed.')
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'refcount is too small')
        # "address : 0x7fb5062efc18"
        # "address : 7FB5062EFC18"
        address_regex = br'[0-9a-fA-Fx]+'
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'object address  : ' + address_regex)
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'object refcount : 1')
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'object type     : ' + address_regex)
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'object type name: list')
        self.assertRegex(stderr,
            br'object repr     : \[1, 2, 3\]')

class GCTogglingTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        gc.enable()

def tearDown(self):
        gc.disable()

def test_bug1055820c(self):
        # Corresponds to temp2c.py in the bug report.  This is pretty
        # elaborate.

c0 = C1055820(0)
        # Move c0 into generation 2.
        gc.collect()

c1 = C1055820(1)
        c1.keep_c0_alive = c0
        del c0.loop # now only c1 keeps c0 alive

c2 = C1055820(2)
        c2wr = weakref.ref(c2) # no callback!

ouch = []
        def callback(ignored):
            ouch[:] = [c2wr()]

# The callback gets associated with a wr on an object in generation 2.
        c0wr = weakref.ref(c0, callback)

c0 = c1 = c2 = None

# What we've set up:  c0, c1, and c2 are all trash now.  c0 is in
        # generation 2.  The only thing keeping it alive is that c1 points to
        # it. c1 and c2 are in generation 0, and are in self-loops.  There's a
        # global weakref to c2 (c2wr), but that weakref has no callback.
        # There's also a global weakref to c0 (c0wr), and that does have a
        # callback, and that callback references c2 via c2wr().
        #
        #               c0 has a wr with callback, which references c2wr
        #               ^
        #               |
        #               |     Generation 2 above dots
        #. . . . . . . .|. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
        #               |     Generation 0 below dots
        #               |
        #               |
        #            ^->c1   ^->c2 has a wr but no callback
        #            |  |    |  |
        #            <--v    <--v
        #
        # So this is the nightmare:  when generation 0 gets collected, we see
        # that c2 has a callback-free weakref, and c1 doesn't even have a
        # weakref.  Collecting generation 0 doesn't see c0 at all, and c0 is
        # the only object that has a weakref with a callback.  gc clears c1
        # and c2.  Clearing c1 has the side effect of dropping the refcount on
        # c0 to 0, so c0 goes away (despite that it's in an older generation)
        # and c0's wr callback triggers.  That in turn materializes a reference
        # to c2 via c2wr(), but c2 gets cleared anyway by gc.

# We want to let gc happen "naturally", to preserve the distinction
        # between generations.
        junk = []
        i = 0
        detector = GC_Detector()
        while not detector.gc_happened:
            i += 1
            if i > 10000:
                self.fail("gc didn't happen after 10000 iterations")
            self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 0)
            junk.append([])  # this will eventually trigger gc

self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 1)  # else the callback wasn't invoked
        for x in ouch:
            # If the callback resurrected c2, the instance would be damaged,
            # with an empty __dict__.
            self.assertEqual(x, None)

def test_bug1055820d(self):
        # Corresponds to temp2d.py in the bug report.  This is very much like
        # test_bug1055820c, but uses a __del__ method instead of a weakref
        # callback to sneak in a resurrection of cyclic trash.

ouch = []
        class D(C1055820):
            def __del__(self):
                ouch[:] = [c2wr()]

d0 = D(0)
        # Move all the above into generation 2.
        gc.collect()

c1 = C1055820(1)
        c1.keep_d0_alive = d0
        del d0.loop # now only c1 keeps d0 alive

c2 = C1055820(2)
        c2wr = weakref.ref(c2) # no callback!

d0 = c1 = c2 = None

# What we've set up:  d0, c1, and c2 are all trash now.  d0 is in
        # generation 2.  The only thing keeping it alive is that c1 points to
        # it.  c1 and c2 are in generation 0, and are in self-loops.  There's
        # a global weakref to c2 (c2wr), but that weakref has no callback.
        # There are no other weakrefs.
        #
        #               d0 has a __del__ method that references c2wr
        #               ^
        #               |
        #               |     Generation 2 above dots
        #. . . . . . . .|. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
        #               |     Generation 0 below dots
        #               |
        #               |
        #            ^->c1   ^->c2 has a wr but no callback
        #            |  |    |  |
        #            <--v    <--v
        #
        # So this is the nightmare:  when generation 0 gets collected, we see
        # that c2 has a callback-free weakref, and c1 doesn't even have a
        # weakref.  Collecting generation 0 doesn't see d0 at all.  gc clears
        # c1 and c2.  Clearing c1 has the side effect of dropping the refcount
        # on d0 to 0, so d0 goes away (despite that it's in an older
        # generation) and d0's __del__ triggers.  That in turn materializes
        # a reference to c2 via c2wr(), but c2 gets cleared anyway by gc.

# We want to let gc happen "naturally", to preserve the distinction
        # between generations.
        detector = GC_Detector()
        junk = []
        i = 0
        while not detector.gc_happened:
            i += 1
            if i > 10000:
                self.fail("gc didn't happen after 10000 iterations")
            self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 0)
            junk.append([])  # this will eventually trigger gc

self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 1)  # else __del__ wasn't invoked
        for x in ouch:
            # If __del__ resurrected c2, the instance would be damaged, with an
            # empty __dict__.
            self.assertEqual(x, None)

def test_indirect_calls_with_gc_disabled(self):
        junk = []
        i = 0
        detector = GC_Detector()
        while not detector.gc_happened:
            i += 1
            if i > 10000:
                self.fail("gc didn't happen after 10000 iterations")
            junk.append([])  # this will eventually trigger gc

try:
            gc.disable()
            junk = []
            i = 0
            detector = GC_Detector()
            while not detector.gc_happened:
                i += 1
                if i > 10000:
                    break
                junk.append([])  # this may eventually trigger gc (if it is enabled)

self.assertEqual(i, 10001)
        finally:
            gc.enable()

class PythonFinalizationTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_ast_fini(self):
        # bpo-44184: Regression test for subtype_dealloc() when deallocating
        # an AST instance also destroy its AST type: subtype_dealloc() must
        # not access the type memory after deallocating the instance, since
        # the type memory can be freed as well. The test is also related to
        # _PyAST_Fini() which clears references to AST types.
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            import ast
            import codecs
            from test import support

# Small AST tree to keep their AST types alive
            tree = ast.parse("def f(x, y): return 2*x-y")

# Store the tree somewhere to survive until the last GC collection
            support.late_deletion(tree)
        """)
        assert_python_ok("-c", code)

def setUpModule():
    global enabled, debug
    enabled = gc.isenabled()
    gc.disable()
    assert not gc.isenabled()
    debug = gc.get_debug()
    gc.set_debug(debug & ~gc.DEBUG_LEAK) # this test is supposed to leak
    gc.collect() # Delete 2nd generation garbage

def tearDownModule():
    gc.set_debug(debug)
    # test gc.enable() even if GC is disabled by default
    if verbose:
        print("restoring automatic collection")
    # make sure to always test gc.enable()
    gc.enable()
    assert gc.isenabled()
    if not enabled:
        gc.disable()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

${this.title}

Code Editor : test_gc.py