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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/network_bridge_firewalld/">Configure your firewall</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_form/">Form a cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_manage/">Manage a cluster</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_manage_instance/">Manage instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_groups/">Set up cluster groups</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/grafana/">Set up Grafana</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3 current current-page"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Back up a server</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/">Explanation</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-13" name="toctree-checkbox-13" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-13"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Explanation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/lxd_lxc/"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxd</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/instances/">Containers and VMs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../image-handling/">Local and remote images</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/networks/">Networking setups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/">The LXD Dqlite database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/lxc_show_info/"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">show</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">info</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../authentication/">Remote API authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/authorization/">Remote API authorization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/projects/">Instances grouping with projects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/clusters/">Clusters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/performance_tuning/">Performance tuning</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/security/">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/">Reference</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-14"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Reference</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../requirements/">Requirements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architectures/">Architectures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/remote_image_servers/">Remote image servers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/image_format/">Image format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../guest-os-compatibility/">Guest OS compatibility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../container-environment/">Container environment</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../server/">Server configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/instance_config/">Instance configuration</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-15" name="toctree-checkbox-15" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-15"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Instance configuration</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/instance_properties/">Instance properties</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/instance_options/">Instance options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices/">Devices</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-16" name="toctree-checkbox-16" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-16"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Devices</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/standard_devices/">Standard devices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_none/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">none</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_nic/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nic</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_disk/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">disk</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_unix_char/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unix-char</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_unix_block/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unix-block</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_usb/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usb</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_gpu/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gpu</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_infiniband/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">infiniband</span></code></a></li>
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        <article role="main" id="furo-main-content">
          <section id="how-to-back-up-a-lxd-server">
<span id="backups"></span><h1>How to back up a LXD server<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-back-up-a-lxd-server" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
         <p class="youtube_link">           <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFOZpAxckPo" target="_blank">             <span title="LXD backup and disaster recovery - YouTube" class="play_icon">▶</span>             <span title="LXD backup and disaster recovery - YouTube">Watch on YouTube</span>           </a>         </p><p>In a production setup, you should always back up the contents of your LXD server.</p>
<p>The LXD server contains a variety of different entities, and when choosing your backup strategy, you must decide which of these entities you want to back up and how frequently you want to save them.</p>
<section id="what-to-back-up">
<h2>What to back up<a class="headerlink" href="#what-to-back-up" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The various contents of your LXD server are located on your file system and, in addition, recorded in the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/#database"><span class="std std-ref">LXD database</span></a>.
Therefore, only backing up the database or only backing up the files on disk does not give you a full functional backup.</p>
<p>Your LXD server contains the following entities:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Instances (database records and file systems)</p></li>
<li><p>Images (database records, image files, and file systems)</p></li>
<li><p>Networks (database records and state files)</p></li>
<li><p>Profiles (database records)</p></li>
<li><p>Storage volumes (database records and file systems)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Consider which of these you need to back up.
For example, if you don’t use custom images, you don’t need to back up your images since they are available on the image server.
If you use only the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default</span></code> profile, or only the standard <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxdbr0</span></code> network bridge, you might not need to worry about backing them up, because they can easily be re-created.</p>
</section>
<section id="full-backup">
<h2>Full backup<a class="headerlink" href="#full-backup" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>To create a full backup of all contents of your LXD server, back up the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd</span></code> (for snap users) or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/lib/lxd</span></code> (otherwise) directory.</p>
<p>This directory contains your local storage, the LXD database, and your configuration.
It does not contain separate storage devices, however.
That means that whether the directory also contains the data of your instances depends on the storage drivers that you use.</p>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
<p>If your LXD server uses any external storage (for example, LVM volume groups, ZFS zpools, or any other resource that isn’t directly self-contained to LXD), you must back this up separately.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/storage_backup_volume/#howto-storage-backup-volume"><span class="std std-ref">How to back up custom storage volumes</span></a> for instructions.</p>
</div>
<p>To back up your data, create a tarball of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd</span></code> (for snap users) or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/lib/lxd</span></code> (otherwise).
If you are not using the snap package and your source system has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/subuid</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/subgid</span></code> file, you should also back up these files.
Restoring them avoids needless shifting of instance file systems.</p>
<p>To restore your data, complete the following steps:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Stop LXD on your server (for example, with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">snap</span> <span class="pre">stop</span> <span class="pre">lxd</span></code>).</p></li>
<li><p>Delete the directory (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd</span></code> for snap users or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/lib/lxd</span></code> otherwise).</p></li>
<li><p>Restore the directory from the backup.</p></li>
<li><p>Delete and restore any external storage devices.</p></li>
<li><p>If you are not using the snap, restore the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/subuid</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/subgid</span></code> files.</p></li>
<li><p>Restart LXD (for example, with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span> <span class="pre">snap</span> <span class="pre">start</span> <span class="pre">lxd</span></code> or by restarting your machine).</p></li>
</ol>
<section id="export-a-snapshot">
<h3>Export a snapshot<a class="headerlink" href="#export-a-snapshot" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>If you are using the LXD snap, you can also create a full backup by exporting a snapshot of the snap:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>Create a snapshot:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo snap save lxd
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note down the ID of the snapshot (shown in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Set</span></code> column).</p>
</li>
<li><p>Export the snapshot to a file:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo snap export-snapshot &lt;ID&gt; &lt;output_file&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<p>See <a class="reference external" href="https://snapcraft.io/docs/snapshots">Snapshots</a> in the Snapcraft documentation for details.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="partial-backup">
<h2>Partial backup<a class="headerlink" href="#partial-backup" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you decide to only back up specific entities, you have different options for how to do this.
You should consider doing some of these partial backups even if you are doing full backups in addition.
It can be easier and safer to, for example, restore a single instance or reconfigure a profile than to restore the full LXD server.</p>
<section id="back-up-instances-and-volumes">
<h3>Back up instances and volumes<a class="headerlink" href="#back-up-instances-and-volumes" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Instances and storage volumes are backed up in a very similar way (because when backing up an instance, you basically back up its instance volume, see <a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/storage/#storage-volume-types"><span class="std std-ref">Storage volume types</span></a>).</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/instances_backup/#instances-backup"><span class="std std-ref">How to back up instances</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/storage_backup_volume/#howto-storage-backup-volume"><span class="std std-ref">How to back up custom storage volumes</span></a> for detailed information.
The following sections give a brief summary of the options you have for backing up instances and volumes.</p>
<section id="secondary-backup-lxd-server">
<span id="secondary-backup-server"></span><h4>Secondary backup LXD server<a class="headerlink" href="#secondary-backup-lxd-server" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p>LXD supports copying and moving instances and storage volumes between two hosts.
See <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/move_instances/#move-instances"><span class="std std-ref">How to move existing LXD instances between servers</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/storage_move_volume/#howto-storage-move-volume"><span class="std std-ref">How to move or copy storage volumes</span></a> for instructions.</p>
<p>So if you have a spare server, you can regularly copy your instances and storage volumes to that secondary server to back them up.
Use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--refresh</span></code> flag to update the copies (see <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/storage_drivers/#storage-optimized-volume-transfer"><span class="std std-ref">Optimized volume transfer</span></a> for the benefits).</p>
<p>If needed, you can either switch over to the secondary server or copy your instances or storage volumes back from it.</p>
<p>If you use the secondary server as a pure storage server, it doesn’t need to be as powerful as your main LXD server.</p>
</section>
<section id="export-tarballs">
<h4>Export tarballs<a class="headerlink" href="#export-tarballs" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p>You can use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">export</span></code> command to export instances and volumes to a backup tarball.
By default, those tarballs include all snapshots.</p>
<p>You can use an optimized export option, which is usually quicker and results in a smaller size of the tarball.
However, you must then use the same storage driver when restoring the backup tarball.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/instances_backup/#instances-backup-export"><span class="std std-ref">Use export files for instance backup</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/storage_backup_volume/#storage-backup-export"><span class="std std-ref">Use export files for volume backup</span></a> for instructions.</p>
</section>
<section id="snapshots">
<h4>Snapshots<a class="headerlink" href="#snapshots" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p>Snapshots save the state of an instance or volume at a specific point in time.
However, they are stored in the same storage pool and are therefore likely to be lost if the original data is deleted or lost.
This means that while snapshots are very quick and easy to create and restore, they don’t constitute a secure backup.</p>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/instances_backup/#instances-snapshots"><span class="std std-ref">Use snapshots for instance backup</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="../howto/storage_backup_volume/#storage-backup-snapshots"><span class="std std-ref">Use snapshots for volume backup</span></a> for more information.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="back-up-the-database">
<span id="backup-database"></span><h3>Back up the database<a class="headerlink" href="#back-up-the-database" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>While there is no trivial method to restore the contents of the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/#database"><span class="std std-ref">LXD database</span></a>, it can still be very convenient to keep a backup of its content.
Such a backup can make it much easier to re-create, for example, networks or profiles if the need arises.</p>
<p>Use the following command to dump the content of the local database to a file:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>lxd sql local .dump &gt; &lt;output_file&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Use the following command to dump the content of the global database to a file:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>lxd sql global .dump &gt; &lt;output_file&gt;
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You should include these two commands in your regular LXD backup.</p>
</section>
</section>
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        <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">How to back up a LXD server</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-to-back-up">What to back up</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#full-backup">Full backup</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#export-a-snapshot">Export a snapshot</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#partial-backup">Partial backup</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#back-up-instances-and-volumes">Back up instances and volumes</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#secondary-backup-lxd-server">Secondary backup LXD server</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#export-tarballs">Export tarballs</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#snapshots">Snapshots</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#back-up-the-database">Back up the database</a></li>
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