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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/network_create/">Create a network</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/network_bridge_firewalld/">Configure your firewall</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/dqlite_troubleshoot/">Troubleshoot Dqlite</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_form/">Form a cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_manage/">Manage a cluster</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_config_networks/">Configure networks</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_config_storage/">Configure storage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_manage_instance/">Manage instances</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_groups/">Set up cluster groups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/cluster_recover/">Recover a cluster</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../production-setup/">Production setup</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-12" name="toctree-checkbox-12" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-12"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Production setup</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/benchmark_performance/">Benchmark performance</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/network_increase_bandwidth/">Increase bandwidth</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../metrics/">Monitor metrics</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/logs_loki/">Send logs to Loki</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/grafana/">Set up Grafana</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../backup/">Back up a server</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../howto/disaster_recovery/">Recover instances</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/">Explanation</a><input checked="" class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-13" name="toctree-checkbox-13" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-13"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Explanation</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/lxd_lxc/"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxd</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/instances/">Containers and VMs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../image-handling/">Local and remote images</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/storage/">Storage pools, volumes, and buckets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/networks/">Networking setups</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 current current-page"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">The LXD Dqlite database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/lxc_show_info/"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lxc</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">show</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">info</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../authentication/">Remote API authentication</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/authorization/">Remote API authorization</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/projects/">Instances grouping with projects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/clusters/">Clusters</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/performance_tuning/">Performance tuning</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/security/">Security</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/">Reference</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-14" name="toctree-checkbox-14" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-14"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Reference</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../requirements/">Requirements</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../architectures/">Architectures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/remote_image_servers/">Remote image servers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/image_format/">Image format</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../guest-os-compatibility/">Guest OS compatibility</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../container-environment/">Container environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../config-options/">Configuration option index</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../server/">Server configuration</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../explanation/instance_config/">Instance configuration</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-15" name="toctree-checkbox-15" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-15"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Instance configuration</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/instance_properties/">Instance properties</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/instance_options/">Instance options</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices/">Devices</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-16" name="toctree-checkbox-16" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-16"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Devices</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/standard_devices/">Standard devices</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_none/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">none</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_nic/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nic</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_disk/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">disk</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_unix_char/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unix-char</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_unix_block/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unix-block</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_usb/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">usb</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_gpu/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gpu</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_infiniband/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">infiniband</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/devices_proxy/">Type: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">proxy</span></code></a></li>
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          <section id="the-lxd-dqlite-database">
<span id="database"></span><h1>The LXD Dqlite database<a class="headerlink" href="#the-lxd-dqlite-database" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>LXD uses a distributed database to store the server configuration and state, which allows for quicker queries than if the configuration was stored inside each instance’s directory (as it is done by LXC, for example).</p>
<p>To understand the advantages, consider a query against the configuration of all instances, like “what instances are using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">br0</span></code>?”.
To answer that question without a database, you would have to iterate through every single instance, load and parse its configuration, and then check which network devices are defined in there.
With a database, you can run a simple query on the database to retrieve this information.</p>
<section id="dqlite">
<h2>Dqlite<a class="headerlink" href="#dqlite" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>In a LXD cluster, all members of the cluster must share the same database state.
Therefore, LXD uses <a class="reference external" href="https://dqlite.io/">Dqlite</a>, a distributed version of SQLite.
Dqlite provides replication, fault-tolerance, and automatic failover without the need of external database processes.</p>
<p>When using LXD as a single machine and not as a cluster, the Dqlite database effectively behaves like a regular SQLite database.</p>
</section>
<section id="file-location">
<span id="database-location"></span><h2>File location<a class="headerlink" href="#file-location" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The database files are stored in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">database</span></code> sub-directory of your LXD data directory (thus <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/snap/lxd/common/lxd/database/</span></code> if you use the snap, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/var/lib/lxd/database/</span></code> otherwise).</p>
<p>Upgrading LXD to a newer version might require updating the database schema.
In this case, LXD automatically stores a backup of the database and then runs the update.
See <a class="reference internal" href="../installing/#installing-upgrade"><span class="std std-ref">Upgrade LXD</span></a> for more information.</p>
</section>
<section id="backup">
<h2>Backup<a class="headerlink" href="#backup" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="../backup/#backup-database"><span class="std std-ref">Back up the database</span></a> for instructions on how to back up the contents of the LXD database.</p>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">The LXD Dqlite database</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#dqlite">Dqlite</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-location">File location</a></li>
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